Section 1 General requirements

1.1.1 The requirements of this Part apply to the design and construction philosophy of electrotechnical systems and equipment providing electrical power, control, alert or safety functions for the following:

• Main propulsion systems.
• Steering and manoeuvring systems.
• Electrical power systems.
• Mobility and ship type ancillary machinery systems.
• Engineering systems necessary for the watertight and weathertight integrity of the ship and functioning of ship type category systems.

1.1.2 Electrical services required to maintain the ship in a normal sea-going, operational and habitable condition are to be capable of being maintained without recourse to the emergency source of electrical power. The Mobility and/or Ship Type systems for individual types of ships for sea-going, operational and habitable conditions on board are to be agreed by Lloyd’s Register (hereinafter referred to as ‘LR’). See also Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 1, 3.1 Categories 3.1.5, Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 1, 3.1 Categories 3.1.6 and Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 1, 3.1 Categories 3.1.7

1.1.3 Electrotechnical services essential for safety are to be maintained under various emergency conditions.

1.1.4 The safety of crew and ship from electrical hazards is to be ensured.

1.2.1 In addition to the requirements of this Chapter, Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 1 General Requirements for Classification of Engineering Systems, Requirements for Classification of Engineering Systems and Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2 Requirements for Machinery and Engineering Systems of Unconventional Design, Requirements for Design, Construction, Installation and Sea Trials of Engineering Systems shall be applied.

1.2.2 LR will be prepared to give consideration to special cases or to arrangements which are equivalent to the Rules where sufficient technical justification is provided.

1.2.3 Attention should also be given to any relevant requirements of the Naval Authority.

1.2.4 LR will be prepared to give consideration to cases where military arrangements require deviation from specific Rule requirements in this Chapter or where specialised naval standards, e.g. STANAG 1008 have been nominated and applied. Consideration will also be given to electrical arrangements of small ships and ships to be assigned class notation for restricted or special services.

1.2.5 Reference is to be made to Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 3, 4.9 Military requirements concerning military requirements where these interface with the provisions of classification.

1.2.6 Assessment of performance parameters, such as accuracy, repeatability, etc. are to be in accordance with an acceptable specialised naval, standard, National or International Standard, e.g. IEC 60051, Direct acting indicating analogue electrical measuring instruments and their accessories (all parts).

1.2.7 Equipment used in control, alarm and safety systems is to be suitable for its intended purpose, and accordingly, whenever practicable, be selected from the List of LR Type Approved Products published by LR.

1.2.8 Equipment shall be selected with due regard to its required strength and capability. System design is to ensure that, under normal operation and foreseeable abnormal conditions, the equipment’s strength and capability is not exceeded in such a way as may give rise to danger or may affect other Mobility and/or Ship Type systems.

1.2.9 Special consideration will be given to arrangements that comply with a relevant and acceptable National or International Standard, such as IEC 60092-504: Electrical installation on ships – Part 504: Special features – Control and instrumentation.

1.3.1 Reference is to be made to Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 1, 3 Engineering system designation defining Mobility and Ship Type systems, services considered necessary for minimum comfortable conditions of habitability and services considered necessary to maintain the ship in a normal seagoing, operational and habitable condition.

1.3.2 An Emergency Stop (E-Stop) is a safeguard instigated by a single human action. It requires a stop of all movement within the controlled system as rapidly as possible to prevent a hazard occurring or to reduce an existing hazard to persons, machinery or the vessel.

1.3.3 An Emergency Trip (E-Trip) is a safeguard instigated by a single human action and means the disconnection of fuel, electrical, hydraulic or other power source from the controlled system to prevent a hazard occurring or to reduce an existing hazard to persons, machinery or the vessel. Movement within the system may be allowed to continue.

1.3.4 An Emergency Stop Function may be either an Emergency Stop or Emergency Trip, as appropriate to the system and risk being controlled.

1.3.5 A ‘high voltage’ is a voltage exceeding 1000 V a.c. or 1500 V d.c. between conductors, see also Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 3, 4.1 Systems of supply and distribution 4.1.4.

1.3.6 A ‘switchboard’ is a switchgear and controlgear assembly for the control of power generated by a source of electrical power and its distribution to electrical consumers.

1.3.7 A ‘section board’ is a switchgear and controlgear assembly for controlling the supply of electrical power from a switchboard and distributing it to other section boards, distribution boards or final sub-circuits.

1.3.8 A ‘distribution board’ is an assembly of one or more protective devices arranged for the distribution of electrical power to final sub-circuits.

1.3.9 A ‘final sub-circuit’ is that portion of a wiring system extending beyond the final overcurrent device of a board.

1.3.10 ‘Special category spaces’ are those enclosed spaces above or below the weather deck intended for the carriage of motor vehicles, helicopters and aircraft with fuel in their tanks, into and from which such equipment can be moved, and to which crew have access. Special category spaces may be accommodated on more than one deck provided that the total overall clear height for vehicles, helicopters and aircraft does not exceed 10 m.

1.3.11 ‘Machinery spaces of Category A’ are those spaces and trunks to such spaces which contain:

1. internal combustion machinery used for main propulsion; or

2. internal combustion machinery used for purposes other than main propulsion where such machinery has in the aggregate a total power output of not less than 375 kW; or

3. any oil-fired boiler or fuel oil unit.

1.3.12 ‘Dead ship condition’ means that the entire machinery installation, including the power supply, is out of operation and that the auxiliary services for bringing the main propulsion systems into operation (e.g. compressed air, starting current from batteries, etc.) and for the restoration of the main power supply are not available. Means are to be made available to start the emergency generator at all times, see Vol 2, Pt 2, Ch 1, 9.4 Starting of the emergency source of power.

1.3.13 'Protected space' is a machinery space where a fixed water-based local application fire-fighting system is installed.

1.3.14 'Protected areas' are areas within a protected space which are protected by a fixed water-based local application fire-fighting system.

1.3.15 'Adjacent areas' are those, other than protected areas, exposed to direct spray or other areas where water may extend when a fixed water-based local application fire-fighting system is activated.

1.3.16 An ‘electric arc’ is an electrical discharge or a short-circuit through ionised air caused by isolation or insulation integrity failure.

1.3.17 ‘Incident energy’ is the amount of energy impressed on a surface, a certain distance from the source, generated during an electric arc event.

1.3.18 Alarm System: a system which will alert relevant personnel to faults, abnormal situations and other conditions requiring attention in the machinery and the safety and control systems.

1.3.19 Control System: a system which responds to input signals from the process and/or Operator and generates output signals causing the equipment under control to operate in the desired manner.

1.3.20 Failure: loss of the ability of a structure, system or element to function within acceptance criteria.

1.3.21 Fail safe: a system design such that, when a failure occurs, the system reverts to the least hazardous state.

1.3.22 A reasonably foreseeable abnormal condition is an event, incident or failure that:

• has happened and could happen again;
• is planned for (e.g. emergency actions cover such a situation, maintenance is undertaken to prevent it, etc.).

They should be identified by:

• using analysis processes that are capable of revealing abnormal conditions;
• employing a mix of personnel including competent safety/risk professionals and those with relevant domain knowledge and understanding to apply the processes;
• referencing relevant events and historic data; and documenting the results of the analysis.

1.3.23 Safety System: a designated system that:

• implements the required safety functions necessary to achieve or maintain a safe state for the equipment under control; and
• is intended to achieve, on its own or with other safety systems, the necessary safety needed for the required safety functions.

1.3.24 Safe State: state of equipment under control when safety is achieved. For some situations, a safe state only exists so long as the equipment under control is continuously controlled. Such continuous control may be for a short or indefinite period.

1.3.26 'Gas Safe Space' is a space that lies wholly outside spaces potentially containing flammable, poisonous, toxic/corrosive, asphyxiant or irritant gases or is one that is engineered as a gas safe place within those spaces.

1.3.27 A ‘secondary lithium cell’ is a cell where electrical energy is derived from the insertion/extraction reactions of lithium ions or oxidation/reduction of lithium between the negative electrode and the positive electrode. These may be combined in ‘cell blocks’ consisting of a group of cells connected together in a parallel configuration.

1.3.28 A ‘battery module’ is an energy storage device comprising one or more electrically connected cells or cell blocks. The battery module can include protective and monitoring devices.

1.3.29 A ‘battery pack’ is an energy storage device comprising one or more electrically connected cells, cell blocks or modules. The battery pack can include protective devices and control and monitoring systems which communicate with the battery management system.

1.3.30 A ‘battery management system (BMS)’ is an electronic system which monitors and manages the state of a cell, battery module or battery pack in order to maintain the battery system in a safe operating state and protect it in cases of overcharging, over current and overheating and communicates with an external charge/discharger controller.

1.3.31 A ‘lithium battery system’ is a system comprising one or more lithium battery modules or packs incorporated in a fixed installation together with means of isolation, a cooling system (if provided) and has an associated BMS.

1.3.32 ‘State of charge (SOC)’ is the available capacity in a battery expressed as a percentage of rated capacity.

1.3.33 ‘State of health (SOH)’ reflects the general condition of a battery expressed as a percentage of ability to deliver the specified performance compared with that of a new battery.

1.3.34  ‘Battery space’ is the space or compartment in which a battery is installed.

1.3.35 Programmable electronic system: a system based on one or more programmable electronic devices, often connected to (and including) input devices (e.g. sensors) and/or output devices/final elements (e.g. actuators), for the purposes of control, protection or monitoring.

1.3.36 An argument is used to show how the components directly underlying it relate to a claim or set of claims. See ISO 15026-2 Systems and software engineering – Systems software assurance, Part 2: Assurance case.

1.3.37 A justification gives the reason that something has been used or applied. See ISO 15026-2: Systems and software engineering – Systems and software assurance, Part 2: Assurance case.

1.3.38 Production of software: the process of interpreting requirements and realising those requirements as software modules by using suitable lifecycle steps and applying the attributes of quality, safety and other management systems. Production of software includes all lifecycle phases from requirements to support for system integration and system testing. Where iterative or cyclical lifecycles are used, the production of software includes all iterations or cycles. The production of software includes tailored lifecycle phases where existing or modified software is used.

1.3.39 Existing software: previously developed software that is to be used without modification that includes, but is not limited to, operating system, third party communications protocols, graphics, libraries and reused supplier developed code.

1.3.40 Modified software: software based upon an existing software but changed for the system being assessed. Modifications can range from setting/configuration changes to modifications that require the software to be recompiled.

1.3.41 Software Production Standard: an International or National Standard to be applied to the production of software.

1.3.42 Engineering system: any system that may be installed in a ship where such a system comprises one or more sub-systems, items of machinery or components.

1.4.1 The documentation in Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 1.4 Documentation required for design review 1.4.2 to Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 1.4 Documentation required for design review 1.4.26 is to be submitted for design review.

1.4.2 A description of operation (with explanatory diagrams), schematic diagrams of circuits, and lists of monitored parameters with relevant setpoints:

• Controllable pitch propellers.
• Electric generating plant.
• Lithium battery system installations.
• Incinerators.
• Miscellaneous machinery or equipment (where control, alarm and safety systems are specified in other Sections of the Rules).
• Fuel oil transfer and storage systems.
• Propulsion machinery and auxiliaries for Mobility and/or Ship Type Systems.
• Steam raising plant (boilers and their ancillary equipment).
• Steering systems.
• Thermal fluid heaters.
• Thrust units.
• Valve position indicating systems.
• Waste-heat systems.
• Water jets for propulsion purposes.
• Fixed water-based local application fire-fighting systems, see Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 9, 5.2 Fixed water-based local application fire-fighting systems.
• Gas detection systems or details of alternative arrangements.

1.4.3  System Operational Concept. A description of how the control, alarm and safety systems for the main and auxiliary machinery and systems essential for the propulsion and safety of the ship provide effective means for operation and control during all ship operational conditions.

1.4.4 Single line diagram of main and emergency power and lighting systems which is to include:

1. ratings of machines, transformers, batteries and semiconductor converters;

2. all feeders connected to the main and emergency switchboards;

3. section boards and distribution boards;

4. insulation type, size and current loadings of cables; (normal operational and fault conditions);

5. make, type and rating of circuit breakers and fuses;

6. details of harmonic filters (where fitted).

1.4.5 A System Operational Concept of the electrical power system which details the capability and functionality under defined operating and emergency conditions is to be submitted, see Vol 1, Pt 1, Ch 2, 2.2 Definitions. The System Operational Concept is to be agreed between the designers and Owners and is to include:

1. a description of operation of the main and emergency electrical power systems;
2. an earthing philosophy document that defines the basic approach to be taken for earthing the electrical power systems and all electrical loads;
3. schedule of normal and emergency operating loads on the system estimated for the different operating conditions expected. The following details are to be provided to meet this requirement:
   1. a description of the expected operating profiles (e.g. the number of generating sets connected when manoeuvring, at sea, etc.), including as required by Vol 2, Pt 2, Ch 1, 1.3 Approval process 1.3.1; and
   2. a schedule of the normal and emergency operating loads, which is to state the kilowatt rating of each load and a load factor between 0 and 1. The load factor is defined as the ratio of the calculated load to the maximum load possible over a declared duty cycle. As such, the load factor shall reflect:
      • the duty cycle of the load; and
      • the proportion of its maximum rating at which the load is expected to operate.

4. the quality of power supplies required for each designated load, where this is required by Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 2.1 Quality of power supplies (QPS) 2.1.3;

5. a functional description for ships with electrical propulsion systems, where harmonic filters are fitted, which includes an operational philosophy of the propulsion control systems under normal, reasonably foreseeable abnormal and degraded modes of operation;
6. harmonic filters where fitted, including harmonic analysis, the permitted modes of operation for maintaining the harmonic distortion within acceptable limits, and the effect on harmonic distortion of the failure of any combination of harmonic filters, see also Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 2.1 Quality of power supplies (QPS) 2.1.3 and Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 2.1 Quality of power supplies (QPS) 2.1.4; and
7. guidance indicating the safe operating modes of the electrical power system under both normal and failure conditions of the harmonic filters where fitted.

1.4.6 Simplified diagrams of generator circuits, interconnector circuits and feeder circuits showing:

1. protective devices, e.g. short circuit, overload, reverse power protection;

2. instrumentation and synchronising devices;

3. preference tripping;

4. remote stops;

5. earth fault indication/protection.

1.4.7 Calculations of short circuit currents at main and emergency switchboards and section boards including those fed from transformers, details of circuit-breaker and fuse operating times, settings and discrimination curves showing compliance with Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 4, 4.1 General and Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 3, 8.6 Conductor size 8.6.2.

1.4.8 Where required by Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 4, 5.1 General 5.1.1, the hazards resulting from electric arcs within electrical equipment and their consequences for personnel are to be identified, and at least the following supporting evidence is to be submitted:

1. system design;

2. operating philosophies, e.g. manual or automatic control, local or remote operation;

3. general arrangement plans for switchboards, section boards and distribution boards, see also Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 1.4 Documentation required for design review 1.4.18;

4. general arrangement plans for the space in which the electrical equipment to be assessed is located, showing:

   • access to adjacent spaces;
   • the location of the electrical equipment;
   • ventilation arrangements for air conditioning and/or the extraction of smoke, gas and vapours resulting from electric arcs;
   • positions within the space in which the electrical equipment is located where personnel will be performing tasks, e.g. switching, equipment maintenance, instrument observation or cleaning, or where personnel could reasonably be expected to enter;

5. calculations in accordance with Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 4, 5.3 Calculations to be submitted;

6. system operating procedures; and

7. details of defined additional safety measures to be taken during activities.

1.4.9 For naval ships in which explosive gas atmospheres may occur, the spaces are to be identified. Other spaces potentially containing flammable, poisonous, toxic/corrosive, asphyxiant or irritant gases and not covered by Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 5 Hazardous Areas are to be separately identified.

1.4.10 A schedule of electrical equipment for use in explosive gas atmospheres or in the presence of combustible dusts giving details, as appropriate, of:

1. type of equipment;

2. type of protection, e.g. Ex ‘d’;

3. apparatus group, e.g. IIB;

4. temperature class, e.g. T3;

5. enclosure ingress protection, e.g. IP55;

6. certifying authority;

7. certificate number;

8. location of equipment.

Details may be included on arrangement drawings for the hazardous locations, in place of a separate schedule. Where uncertified equipment is permitted by Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 5, 4.3 Selection of equipment for use in explosive gas atmospheres or Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 5, 4.4 Selection of equipment for use in the presence of combustible dusts or the Rules relevant to the specific type of ship, details of other documentation confirming (b) to (d) may be submitted in place of those listed under Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 1.4 Documentation required for design review 1.4.10.(f) and Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 1.4 Documentation required for design review 1.4.10.(g).

1.4.11 Simplified circuit diagram of electrical propulsion system (where fitted) giving details of:

1. ratings of electrical machines, transformers, batteries, dynamic braking assemblies and semiconductor converters;

2. lubrication and cooling arrangements, where provided;

3. insulation type, size and current loadings of cables;

4. make, type and rating of circuit breakers and fuses;

5. instrumentation and protective devices;

6. earth fault indication/protection;

7. propulsion control systems, and the procedures used to ensure that there is satisfactory control of the design in relation to the requirements of Vol 2, Pt 4, Ch 5, 4.4 Propulsion control; and

8. harmonic filters and analysis.

1.4.12 Details of electrically operated fire, ship, crew and embarked personnel emergency safety systems which are to include typical single line diagrams and arrangements, showing main vertical and, where applicable, horizontal fire zones, spaces along the ship bottom that are not fitted with a double bottom and the location of equipment and cable, including identification of relevant areas of high fire risk, to be employed for:

1. emergency lighting (other than where accumulator emergency lanterns are to be installed);

2. accommodation fire detection, alarm and extinction systems;

3. fixed water-based local application fire-fighting systems;

4. crew and embarked personnel address system;

5. general emergency alarm;

6. watertight doors, bow, stern and shell doors and other electrically operated closing appliances; and

7. low location lighting.

1.4.13 Evidence of the suitability of electrical and electronic equipment for use in protected areas and adjacent areas, as required by Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 9, 5.2 Fixed water-based local application fire-fighting systems 5.2.16 and Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 9, 5.2 Fixed water-based local application fire-fighting systems 5.2.16, including a schedule of electrical and electronic equipment located in protected areas and adjacent areas and general arrangement plans showing the coverage of the protected areas and adjacent areas.

1.4.14 A test schedule for both works testing, harbour trials and sea trials is to include the method of testing and the test facilities which are provided for the general emergency alarm system and the crew and embarked personnel address system.

1.4.15 Documented test procedures to demonstrate compliance with STANAG 1008, or a relevant and acceptable naval standard, where the electrical class notation ELS is required.

1.4.16 For battery installations, arrangement plans and calculations to show compliance with Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 2, 7.4 Installation

1.4.17 A schedule of batteries fitted for use for emergency, Mobility and/or Ship Type systems, giving details of:

• type and manufacturer's type designation;
• voltage and ampere-hour rating;
• location;
• equipment and/or system(s) served;
• maintenance/replacement cycle dates;
• date(s) of maintenance and/or replacement; and
• for replacement batteries in storage, the date of manufacture and shelf life, with accompanying battery replacement procedure documentation to show compliance with Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 2, 7.7 Recording of batteries for emergency and essential services.

1.4.18 General arrangement plans showing the location of propulsion generators, motors, transformers, semiconductor converters, dynamic braking equipment, reactors and filters. The information supplied is also to include cable routes to show compliance with Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 3, 8.8 Installation of electric and optical fibre cables, as applicable.

1.4.19 Plans for all cables that pass through atria or equivalent spaces, and for vertical runs in trunks or other restricted spaces. The information supplied is to show compliance with Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 3, 8.8 Installation of electric and optical fibre cables 8.8.13.

1.4.20  Alarm systems. Details of the overall alarm system linking the main control station, subsidiary control stations, the bridge area and accommodation including details of alerts to be presented by the user interface, with:

1. an approach to alert category assignments which is in accordance with the IMO Code on Alerts and Indicators, 2009; and

2. for alarms required by these Rules the intended Operator's response and the message are to be presented.

1.4.21  Programmable electronic systems. In addition to the documentation required by Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 1.4 Documentation required for design review 1.4.2 the following is to be submitted:

1. System requirements specification.

2. Details of the hardware configuration in the form of a system block diagram, including input/output schedules.

3. Details of power supply and data storage arrangements, see Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 8, 5.1 General requirements 5.1.10 and Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 8, 5.4 Additional requirements for Mobility category and safety critical systems 5.4.6.

4. Hardware certification details, see Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 8, 5.1 General requirements 5.1.6 and Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 8, 5.4 Additional requirements for Mobility category and safety critical systems 5.4.3.

5. Software quality plans, including applicable procedures, see Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 8, 5.1 General requirements 5.1.21.

6. Factory acceptance, integration, harbour and sea trial test schedules for hardware and software.

7. System integration plan, see Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 8, 5.5 Additional requirements for integrated systems 5.5.2.

8. Risk Assessment (RA),see Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 8, 5.5 Additional requirements for integrated systems 5.5.5 and Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 3, 18 Risk Assessment (RA).

9. Software safety requirements document, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 3, 21.3 Performance requirements 21.3.1.

10. The engineering and safety justification and supporting evidence, see Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 8, 5.6 Programmable electronic systems – Additional requirements for the production of software 5.6.3.

11. The certification documents for the production of software, see Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 8, 5.6 Programmable electronic systems – Additional requirements for the production of software 5.6.6.

12. The plan for the production of software, see Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 8, 5.6 Programmable electronic systems – Additional requirements for the production of software 5.6.7.

13. The registry of hardware and software, see Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 8, 5.6 Programmable electronic systems – Additional requirements for the production of software 5.6.21.

1.4.22 For wireless data communication equipment:

1. details of manufacturer’s installation and maintenance recommendations;

2. network plan with arrangement and type of aerials and identification of location;

3. specification of wireless communication system protocols and management functions, see Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 8, 5.3 Additional requirements for wireless data communication links 5.3.4;

4. details of radio frequency and power levels, including details of those permitted by the National Administration.

1.4.23 Plans showing the location and details of control stations, e.g. control panels and consoles. Location and details of controls and displays on each panel. Detailed user interface specifications. A general arrangement plan of control rooms showing the position of consoles, handrails, operator area, lighting, door and window arrangements. Drawing of HVAC systems including vent arrangements.

1.4.24  Fire detection systems. Plans showing the system operation and the type and location of all machinery space fire detector heads, manual call points and the fire detector indicator panel(s). The plans are to indicate the position of the fire detectors in relation to significant items of machinery, ventilation and extraction openings.

1.4.25  Test schedules. Test schedules for works testing, factory acceptance tests, harbour testing and sea trials, which should include methods of testing and test facilities, see Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 12, 1.10 Record of trials 1.10.1.

1.4.26  Lifts. For details of alarms and safeguards for lifts classed by LR, reference should be made to LR’s Code for Lifting Appliances in a Marine Environment, July 2022 .

1.4.27 Lithium battery systems. In addition to the plans and information required by Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 1.4 Documentation required for design review 1.4.2, the following information is also to be submitted:

1. System functional description including all operating modes (i.e. charging, discharging, standby, backup, peak shaving, etc.), safety functions and their hierarchy, and expected battery system behaviour in case of malfunction.
2. Technical description detailing how safety information from type testing has been considered in the actual installation design.
3. Integration plan for the battery system with the vessel power distribution and charging arrangements.
4. Line diagrams of the battery system control and power distribution, including switchgear, protective devices, control gear and emergency trip (E-Trip) as well as interfaces to external systems.
5. A Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and mitigation strategy, which is to be carried out for the battery installation as a whole in accordance with IEC 60812: Analysis techniques for system reliability – Procedure for failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), or an equivalent and acceptable National or International Standard and the report and worksheets are to be submitted for consideration.
6. Arrangement plans of any HVAC, ventilation, cooling system and drains for the battery space.
7. Fire detection, alarm and extinguishing system (including portable fire-fighting appliances) plans for the battery space.
8. A schedule of electrical equipment for use in the battery space and HVAC, ventilation and cooling system giving details of the appropriate type of protection for the temperature class and gas group of the potential gases. Copies of appropriate certification are to be submitted for consideration.
9. Arrangement plans for electrical equipment showing cable routes associated with the battery system, power distribution and E-Trip.
10. General arrangement plan showing hazardous zones for the battery space, including the HVAC, ventilation, cooling system and drains.
11. Fire integrity plans for the battery space (including penetrations drawings), contiguous spaces and means of escape from the battery space.
12. Test schedule for works testing which is to include methods of testing and acceptance criteria.

1.4.28 For ships with electrical hybrid electrical power systems as detailed in Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6 Hybrid Electrical Power Systems the following documentation is to be submitted for design review either uniquely or integrated with other submitted information:

Information required for all hybrid electrical power systems:

1. A functional description of the electrical distribution systems and equipment that details compliance with the performance criteria and system capability and functionality under defined normal and reasonably foreseeable abnormal conditions including:
   1. degraded modes of operation;
   2. load management and load sharing philosophy;
   3. earthing philosophy;
   4. system electrical protection philosophy;
   5. system stability; and
   6. converter switching actions.
2. Definition of system performance targets (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 4.2 System performance targets);
3. Definition of dependability principles (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 4.3 Dependability principles);
4. Calculations supporting the size and rating of stores of electrical energy (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 4.3 Dependability principles 4.3.7);
5. Risk assessment in support of there being no dedicated emergency source of power when this is proposed (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 4.6 Emergency source of electrical power 4.6.2);
6. Details of any arrangements for external sources of power to charge onboard stores of electrical energy (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 4.7 External source of electrical power 4.7.3);
7. Voltage rate of rise times for pulse width modulated converters (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 5.1 Source of electrical power 5.1.6);
8. Risk assessment in support of active fault current limiting devices when this is proposed (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 5.5 Distribution system 5.5.11);
9. Technical description of energy management functionality (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 5.6 Energy management 5.6.8);
10. Technical description of arrangements for power quality monitoring (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 6.2 Power quality and stability 6.2.5);
11. Power system integration procedure (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 7.1 General);
12. System operational concept (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 7.2 System operational concept);
13. Technical description of operating modes (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 7.3 Operating modes);
14. Validated specifications of system components (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 7.5 System components);
15. Results of energy flow analysis (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 7.6 Energy flows);
16. Results of power system analysis (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 7.7 Power system analysis);
17. Definition of safety functions (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 7.8 Safety functions);
18. System FMEA (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 7.10 System Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA));
19. System operating instructions (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 7.11 Operating instructions);
20. Description and verification of ship-specific Operator training needs (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 7.12 Operator training); and
21. Description of through-life system integration roles and responsibilities (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 7.13 Through-life accountability:).

Additional information required for Hybrid Power (+) notation systems:

1. Dependability assessment (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 4.3 Dependability principles);
2. Technical description of arrangements for automatic earth fault location (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 5.5 Distribution system 5.5.14);
3. Technical description of arrangements for power quality degradation detection (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 6.2 Power quality and stability 6.2.5);
4. Technical description of additional energy management functionality (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 5.6 Energy management 5.6.8);
5. Validation, verification and results of energy flow simulation (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 7.6 Energy flows 7.6.3);
6. Validation, verification and results of power system simulation (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 7.7 Power system analysis 7.7.4);
7. Risk assessment study when required (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 7.9 Risk assessment; and
8. Evidence of ship-specific Operator training verification (see Vol 3, Pt 1, Ch 6, 7.12 Operator training 7.12.2).

1.4.29 Configuration management plan. Procedures for the configuration management process applied to the control, alarm and safety systems intended for the machinery or equipment as defined in Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 1.4 Documentation required for design review 1.4.2.

1.5.1 The documentation in Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 1.5 Documentation required for supporting evidence 1.5.2 is to be submitted as supporting evidence.

1.5.2 In order to establish compliance with Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 2.2 Design, construction and location 2.2.9 and Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 3, 4.1 Systems of supply and distribution 4.1.5, a general arrangement plan of the ship showing the location of major items of electrical equipment, for example:

• main and emergency generators;
• switchboards;
• section boards and distribution boards supplying Mobility and/or Ship Type systems, and emergency services;
• emergency batteries;
• motors for emergency services; and
• cable routes between these items of equipment.

1.5.3 Arrangement plans of main and emergency switchboards and section boards, and documentation that demonstrates that creepage and clearance distances are in accordance with Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 3, 5.7 Creepage and clearance distances. The form factor of internal separation of low voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies is to be in accordance with IEC 61439-2, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies – Part 2: Power switchgear and controlgear assemblies, or an alternative acceptable and relevant national Standard. The form factor is to be stated, and the arrangement plans are to show how the form factor has been achieved.

1.5.4 A Risk Assessment (RA), in accordance with Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 3, 18 Risk Assessment (RA), is required to be submitted, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 3, 3.3 Calculations and specifications 3.3.7. The RA is to verify the availability of electrical power to Mobility and/or Ship Type systems in the event of a failure of a system or item of equipment, see Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 3, 4.2 Essential services 4.2.4.

1.5.5 In order to establish compliance with the requirements of Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 2.2 Design, construction and location 2.2.3, when requested, evidence is to be submitted to demonstrate the suitability of electrical equipment for its intended purpose in the conditions in which it is expected to operate.

1.5.6 Where deviation from the specific requirements of these Rules is required, details of the arrangements with documented justification and/or analysis are to be submitted, see Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 1.2 Application 1.2.4

1.5.7  Cables. For details of instrumentation and control requirements.

1.5.9 Evidence demonstrating the compatibility of the converter, cable and motor combinations to be used for the provision of essential services. Particular attention is to be given the suitability of the insulation systems used with respect to the convertor impulse magnitudes and voltage rise times, and their implications for partial discharge.

1.5.10 For high voltage a.c. rotating machines rated at above 3,6 kV, an inspection and test plan is required which enables the requirements of Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 3, 6.7 Survey and testing 6.7.7 to be assessed.

1.5.11 Where the system design intent specifies ‘darken ship’ requirements, a System Operational Concept associated with dark ship state is to be submitted and is to include operating modes and philosophy of systems/equipment in the dark ship state, including reversionary and emergency modes recognising the operational and manning philosophy for the vessel. See also Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 3, 3.4 System operational concept.

1.5.13 For programmable electronic systems:

1. The Systems Risk Register, where required, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 3, 21.3 Performance requirements 21.3.2.

1.6.1 Electrical propelling machinery and associated equipment together with auxiliary services essential for the safety of the ship are to be installed in accordance with the relevant requirements of this Chapter, surveyed and have tests witnessed by the Surveyors.

1.6.2 The following equipment, where intended for use for Mobility systems, Ship Type systems, and/or emergency services, is to be surveyed by the Surveyors during manufacture and testing:

• Converting equipment of 100 kW and over;
• Rotating machines of 100 kW and over;
• Switchboards and section boards;
• UPS units of 50 kVA and over; and
• Lithium Battery Systems of capacity 50 kWh and over including associated Battery Management Systems.

1.6.3 For electric propulsion systems, in addition to the equipment listed in Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 1.6 Surveys 1.6.2, the following equipment is to be surveyed by the Surveyors during manufacture and testing:

• cables, see Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 3, 8.1 General 8.1.4;
• exciters;
• filters;
• reactors;
• dynamic braking assemblies;
• pre-magnetisation transformers; and
• slip ring assemblies.

1.6.4 Equipment associated with control, alarm and safety functions for systems listed in Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 1.1 Scope 1.1.1 are to be surveyed at the manufacturers’ works in accordance with the approved test schedule (see Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 1.4 Documentation required for design review 1.4.25), and the inspection and testing are to be to the Surveyor’s satisfaction, see Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 1.4 Documentation required for design review 1.4.2.

1.6.5 All other electrical equipment, not specifically referenced in Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 1.6 Surveys 1.6.2 and Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 1.6 Surveys 1.6.4, intended for use for Mobility systems, Ship Type systems, or emergency services is to be supplied with a manufacturer’s works test certificate showing compliance with the constructional standard(s) as referenced by the relevant requirements of the Chapter.

1.7.1 When an alteration or addition to the approved system(s) is proposed, plans are to be submitted for approval. The alterations or additions are to be carried out under survey and the installation and testing are to be to the Surveyor’s satisfaction.

1.7.2 No addition, temporary or permanent, is to be made to the approved load of an existing installation until it has been ascertained that the current carrying capacity and the condition of the existing equipment including cables and switchgear are adequate for the increased load.

1.7.3 Details of proposed software modifications are to be submitted for consideration. Modifications are to be undertaken in accordance with defined modification processes which are part of the supplier’s or system integrator’s quality management system. The quality management system is to be acceptable to LR, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 1, 8 Quality Assurance Scheme for Machinery. The following documentation is to be submitted:

1. Project-specific software modification plan.

2. An impact analysis which identifies the effect(s) of the proposed modification. The results of the analysis are to be used to inform the extent of verification and validation that is to be applied. This analysis is to consider both the local impact and, where applicable, the system level impact of the modification.

3. Configuration management records that satisfy the requirements of ISO 10007, to demonstrate the traceability of the proposed modification.

4. Factory acceptance, integration and sea trial test schedules as determined by the impact analysis in (b).

5. Updated documentation as detailed in Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 1.2 Application 1.2.6.

1.7.4 Verification and validation activities are to demonstrate that the modified functionality performs as expected and that the modification has not unintentionally modified functionality outside the scope of the modification.

1.7.5 Software versions are to be uniquely identified by number, date or other appropriate means. Modifications are not to be made without also changing the version identifier. A record of changes to the system since the original issue (and their identification) is to be maintained and made available to the LR Surveyor on request.

1.7.6 Proposed modifications to the electrical protection systems are to be developed in accordance with Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 4, 4.1 General 4.1.4 and plans submitted are also to address the updating of the approved version of the details required by Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 1.4 Documentation required for design review 1.4.6 and Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 1.4 Documentation required for design review 1.4.7.

1.7.7 When it is proposed to replace permanently installed secondary valve-regulated sealed batteries with vented batteries, details are to be submitted for consideration to ensure continued safety in the presence of the products of electrolysis and evaporation being allowed to escape freely from the cells to the atmosphere. These details are to demonstrate that there will be adequate ventilation in accordance with Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 2, 7.5 Thermal management and ventilation 7.5.9 and that the location and installation requirements of Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 2, 7.3 Location and Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 2, 7.4 Installation are complied with.

1.7.8 Where it is intended to replace an existing incandescent lamp type navigation light with a light emitting diode type navigation light, details are to be submitted for consideration that demonstrate compliance with Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 7, 4.7 Valve control and indication systems. Light emitting diode type navigation lights failure detection arrangements are additionally to satisfy the requirements of Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 7, 4.7 Valve control and indication systems 4.7.5 and Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 7, 4.7 Valve control and indication systems 4.7.6.