Section
5 Fire safety systems
5.1 Automatic sprinkler system
5.1.1 Any
electrically driven power pump, provided solely for the purpose of
continuing automatically the discharge of water from the sprinklers,
is to be brought into action automatically by the pressure drop in
the system before the standing fresh water charge in the pressure
tank is completely exhausted.
5.1.2 Electrically
driven sea-water pumps for automatic sprinkler systems are to be served
by not less than two circuits reserved solely for this purpose, one
fed from the main switchboard and one from the emergency switchboard.
Such feeders are to be connected to an automatic change-over switch
situated near the sprinkler pump and the switch is to be normally
closed to the feeder from the main source of electrical power. No
other switches are permitted in the feeders. The switches on the main
and emergency switchboards are to be clearly labelled and normally
kept closed.
5.1.3 Feeders
for the sea-water pump and the automatic alarm and detection system
are to be arranged so as to avoid galleys, machinery spaces and other
enclosed spaces of high fire risk, except in so far as it is necessary
to reach the appropriate switch boards. The cables are to be of a
fire resistant type where they pass through such high risk areas.
5.1.4 The
automatic alarm and detection system is to be fed by exclusive feeders
from two sources of electrical power, one of which is to be an emergency
source, with automatic change-over facilities located in, or adjacent
to, the main alarm and detection panel.
5.2 Fixed water-based local application fire-fighting systems
5.2.1 Where
fixed water-based local application firefighting systems are installed
in machinery spaces of category A in addition to the main fixed fire-extinguishing
system to protect the fire hazard portions of machinery, the arrangements
are to be in accordance with this sub-Section.
5.2.2 Where
fixed water-based local application fire-fighting system pressure
sources are reliant on external power they need only be supplied by
the main source of electrical power.
5.2.3 The
fire detection, control and alarm systems are to be provided with
an emergency source of electrical power required by Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 2, 5.2 Emergency source of electrical power or Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 2, 5.3 Starting arrangements and are also to be connected to
the main source of electrical power. Separate feeders, reserved solely
for this purpose, with automatic changeover facilities located in,
or adjacent to, the main control panel are to be provided.
5.2.5 Means
to activate a system are to be located at easily accessible positions
inside and outside the protected space. Arrangements inside the space
are to be situated such that they will not be cut off by a fire in
the protected areas and are suitable for activation in the event of
escape. Where it is proposed to install local activation means outside
of the protected space, details are to be submitted for consideration.
5.2.6 Where
the System Design Description requires automatic shutdown and/or isolation
of protected machinery and equipment in adjacent areas in the event
of system activation, evidence is to be submitted to demonstrate compliance
with Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 9, 5.2 Fixed water-based local application fire-fighting systems 5.2.3. This submission
is to address:
- the failure effects of automatic shutdown and/or isolation measures
on the machinery, equipment and the complete installation;
- the measures provided to prevent the loss of electrical power;
- the measures provided to prevent a reduction of the manoeuvrability
of the ship; and
- the measures provided to ensure continued operation of the activated
system.
The submission is to detail:
- permitted operating configurations while propulsion and steering
machinery is operating;
- temporary interruptions in power supply while in port and
- power restoration measures following automatic shutdown and/or
isolation of machinery or equipment.
See also
Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 9, 5.2 Fixed water-based local application fire-fighting systems 5.2.11.
5.2.7 System zones and protected areas are to be arranged to allow Mobility
and/or Ship Type systems to be provided by machinery and/or equipment located outside
areas affected by direct spray or extended water in the event of a system activation,
where the machinery and/or equipment is duplicated or otherwise replicated to provide
redundancy.
5.2.8 A control
panel is to be provided for managing actions such as opening of valves,
starting of pumps and initiation of alerts, and processing information
from detectors. This panel is to be independent of the fire detection
control unit required by Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 9, 4.1 General.
5.2.9 Alarms
are to be initiated upon activation of a system and are to indicate
the specific zone activated at the control panel. Alarms are to be
provided in each protected space, at an attended machinery control
station and in the wheelhouse. The audible signal is to be distinguishable
from other safety system signals.
5.2.10 A
failure in a manual system activation switch circuit is not to prevent
system activation using other installed manual system activation switches
or, where installed, automatic activation. The means of activation
are to be provided with self-monitoring facilities that will activate
an alarm at an attended control station in the event of failure detection.
5.2.12 As
far as is practicable, electrical and electronic equipment is not
to be located within protected areas or adjacent areas. The system
pump, its electrical motor and the sea valve, if any, may be in a
protected space provided that they are outside areas where water or
spray may extend.
5.2.13 High
voltage equipment and their enclosures are not to be installed in
protected areas or adjacent areas. For high voltage generator enclosures
which cannot be fully located outside of adjacent areas due to close
proximity, a technical justification, including proposed degree of
protection ratings that are normally not to be lower than IP54, may
be submitted for consideration that demonstrates the overall safety
of the installation in the event of system operation.
5.2.15 To
demonstrate compliance with Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 9, 5.2 Fixed water-based local application fire-fighting systems 5.2.14,
evidence of the suitability of electrical and electronic equipment
for use in protected areas and adjacent areas is to be submitted in
accordance with Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 3, 3.3 Calculations and specifications 3.3.14 and Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 3, 5.14 Machinery enclosures 5.14.2. The evidence is to demonstrate
that additional precautions have been taken, where necessary, in respect
of:
-
satisfying Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 9, 5.2 Fixed water-based local application fire-fighting systems 5.2.12 and Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 9, 5.2 Fixed water-based local application fire-fighting systems 5.2.13;
-
the damage control
and fire-fighting policy of the Navy or Naval Administration, see
Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 3, 4.1 Availability for operation 4.1.6;
-
personnel protection
against electric shock; and
-
cooling airflow,
where necessary, for equipment required to operate during system operation;
-
maintenance requirements
for equipment before return to operation following system activation.
Any test evidence submitted is to consider the overall installation,
including equipment types, system configuration and nozzles and the
potential effects of airflows in the protected space.
5.2.16 The
evidence required by Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 9, 5.2 Fixed water-based local application fire-fighting systems 5.2.15 is
to demonstrate the safe and effective operation of the overall arrangements
in the event of system operation. This evidence is to demonstrate
that exposure to system spray and/or water:
- cannot result in loss of Mobility or Ship Type systems (e.g. unintended
activation of automatic machinery shutdown);
- cannot result in loss of availability of emergency services;
- will not affect the continued safe and effective operation of
electrical and electronic equipment required to operate during the
required period of system operation;
- does not present additional electrical or fire hazards; and
- would require only identified readily replaceable components to
be repaired or replaced.
The installation of electrical and electronic equipment required to provide
Mobility systems, Ship Type systems, or emergency services in enclosures with a degree
of protection less than IP44 within areas exposed to direct spray is to be acceptable to
LR, and evidence of suitability is to be submitted accordingly.
5.2.17 Fixed
water-based local application fire-fighting system electrically-driven
pumps may be shared with:
- equivalent automatic sprinkler systems;
- equivalent main machinery space fire-fighting systems; or
- local fire-fighting systems for deep-fat cooking equipment;
provided that the shared use is accepted by the Navy or Naval
Administration as complying with their applicable regulations within
the specified fire safety standard and the arrangements comply with
the requirements of Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 9, 5.2 Fixed water-based local application fire-fighting systems 5.2.18.
5.2.18 Shared
electrically-driven sea-water pumps are to be served by not less than
two circuits reserved solely for this purpose, one fed from the main
source of electrical power and one from the emergency source of electrical
power. Such feeders are to be connected to an automatic changeover
switch situated near the pumps and the switch is to be normally closed
to the feeder from the main source of electrical power. No other switches
are permitted in the feeders. The switches on the main and emergency
switchboards are to be clearly labelled and normally kept closed.
5.2.19 Failure
of a component in the power and control system is not to result in
a reduction of the total available pump capacity below that required
by any of the areas the system is required to protect. For equivalent
automatic sprinkler systems, a failure is not to prevent automatic
release capability or reduce overall sprinkler pump capacity by more
than 50 per cent.
5.2.20 Where
fire-fighting systems share fire-fighting pumps, failure of one system
is not to prevent activation of the pumps by any other system.
5.2.23 A
minimum of two fire detectors is to be provided for each protected
area. One is to be a flame detector and the other is to be a smoke
or heat detector, as considered appropriate to the nature of the risk
and ambient conditions. The system is to be activated upon detection
by two of the detectors. A fault in one detector is to initiate an
alarm at an attended control station and is not to inhibit activation
of the system under the control of the other detector or manually.
Detector faults are not to cause activation of the system.
5.2.24 The
fire detectors are to be arranged (located, oriented, guarded, etc.)
to ensure that a fire in one protected area will not result in the
inadvertent automatic activation of a system for another protected
area. Guards or barriers provided to comply with this requirement
are not to reduce the ability to detect a fire in the protected area.
5.2.26 The
system's fire detection systems and control units are to meet the
performance criteria of SOLAS Ch II/C, Reg. 7 and are to be Type Approved
in accordance with Test Specification Number 1 given
in LR’s Type Approval System for an environmental
category appropriate for the locations in which they are intended
to operate.
5.3 Fire pumps
5.3.1 When
the emergency fire pump is electrically driven, the power is to be
supplied by a source other than that supplying the main fire pumps.
This source is to be located outside the machinery spaces containing
the main fire pumps and their source of power and drive units.
5.3.2 The
cables to the emergency fire pump are not to pass through the machinery
spaces containing the main fire pumps and their source of power and
drive units. The cables are to be of a fire resistant type where they
pass through other high fire risk areas.
5.4 Refrigerated liquid carbon dioxide systems
5.4.1 Where
there are electrically driven refrigeration units for carbon dioxide
fire-extinguishing systems, one unit is to be supplied by the main
source of electrical power and the other unit from the emergency source
of electrical power.
5.4.2 Each
electrically driven carbon dioxide refrigerating unit is to be arranged
for automatic operation in the event of loss of the alternative unit.
5.5 Fire safety stops
5.5.1 Means
of stopping all ventilating fans, with manual reset, are to be provided,
outside the spaces being served, at positions which will not readily
be cut off in the event of a fire. The provisions for machinery spaces
are to be independent of those for other spaces.
5.5.2 Machines
driving forced and induced draught fans, and independently driven
oil pumps for fuel, lubricating, hydraulic or refuelling oil, or other
dangerous fluids are to be fitted with remote controls, with manual
reset, situated outside the space concerned so that they may be stopped
in the event of fire arising in the space in which they are located.
5.5.3 All
power ventilation systems, machinery space ventilation, which is to
be in accordance with Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 9, 5.5 Fire safety stops 5.5.2 are
to be fitted with master controls, with manual reset, so that all
fans may be stopped, in the event of fire, from the central control
station and from another position situated as far apart as is practicable.
Off indication is to be provided for the ventilation fans at the central
control station along with provisions to enable them to be reactivated.
5.5.4 Means
of cutting off all electrical power to the galley except lighting
circuits, in the event of a fire, are to be provided outside the galley
exits, at positions which will not readily be rendered inaccessible
by such a fire. Consideration may be given to relaxing this requirement
for supplies to equipment not used for heating or cooking (e.g. alarm
and clock systems) that do not present an electrical shock risk to
fire-fighting personnel.
5.5.6 Exhaust
ducts from main laundries are to be fitted with additional remote
control arrangements for shutting off the exhaust fans and supply
fans from within the space and for operating fire dampers, where fitted,
at the lower end of the duct.
5.6 Fire doors
5.6.1 The
electrical power required for the control, indication and alarm circuits
of fire doors is to be provided by an emergency source of electrical
power as required by Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 2, 5.2 Emergency source of electrical power.
An alternative supply fed from the main source of electrical power,
with automatic change-over facilities, is to be provided at the central
control station. Failure of any power supply is to operate an audible
and visual alarm, see also
Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 3, 8.10 Cable support systems 8.10.6 and Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 2.5 Operation under fire conditions.
5.6.2 The
control and indication systems for the fire doors are to be designed
on the fail-safe principle with the release system having a manual
reset.
5.7 Fire dampers
5.7.1 The
electrical power required for the control and indication circuits
of fire dampers is to be supplied from the emergency source of electrical
power.
5.7.2 The
control and indication systems for the fire dampers are to be designed
on the fail-safe principle with the release system having a manual
reset.
5.7.3 Fire
dampers fitted at the lower end of exhaust ducts from main laundries
are to be capable of automatic and remote operation.
5.8 Fire extinguishing media release
5.8.1 Where
it is required that alarms be provided to warn of the release of a
fire-extinguishing medium, and these are electrically operated, they
are to be provided with an emergency source of electrical power, as
required by Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 2, 5.2 Emergency source of electrical power, and also
connected to the main source of electrical power, with automatic changeover
facilities located in, or adjacent to, the fire-extinguishing media
release panel, see also
Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 3, 8.10 Cable support systems 8.10.6 and Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 3, 8.10 Cable support systems 8.10.7.
Failure of any power supply is to operate an audible and visual alarm, see also
Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 3, 8.10 Cable support systems 8.10.6 and Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 3, 8.10 Cable support systems 8.10.7 and Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 1, 2.5 Operation under fire conditions.
5.8.2 The arrangements for accessing and activating the release of fire
extinguishing media are not to automatically shut off fuel oil, lubricating oil or
hydraulic oil to Mobility machinery required for the propulsion and the safety of the
ship, see
Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 1, 3.1 Categories 3.1.5.
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