Section 4 Shell envelope framing

4.1.1 Except as otherwise specified within this Section, the scantlings and arrangements for shell envelope framing are to be determined in accordance with the procedures described in, or as required by Pt 8, Ch 3, 4 Shell envelope framing for mono-hull craft, using the pressures from Pt 5 Design and Load Criteria appropriate to multi-hull craft.

4.1.2 The requirements in this Section apply to longitudinally and transversely framed shell envelopes.

4.2.1 The bottom outboard longitudinal stiffeners are to be supported by bottom transverse web frames, floors, bulkheads, or other primary structure, generally spaced not more than 2 m apart.

4.2.2 Bottom outboard longitudinal stiffeners are to be continuous through the supporting structures.

4.2.3 Where it is impracticable to comply with the requirements of Pt 8, Ch 4, 4.2 Bottom outboard longitudinal stiffeners 4.2.2, or where it is desired to terminate the bottom outboard longitudinal stiffeners in way of the transom, bulkheads or integral tank boundaries, they are to be bracketed in way of their end connections to maintain the continuity of structural strength. Particular care is to be taken to ensure accurate alignment of the brackets.

4.2.4 The Rule requirements for bending moment, shear force, shear stress and deflection are to be determined from the general equations given in Pt 8, Ch 3, 1.15 Stiffeners general, using the design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement type craft as appropriate, and the coefficients Φ_M, Φ_S and Φ_δ as indicated in Table 3.1.10 Shear force, bending moment and deflection coefficients in Chapter 3 for the load model (b).

4.2.5 The allowable tensile, compressive and shear stress limits indicated in Table 7.3.1 Limiting stress criteria for local loading in Chapter 7, and the span/deflection ratios indicated in Table 7.2.1 Limiting span/deflection ratio in Chapter 7 are to be complied with.

4.3.1 The bottom outboard longitudinal primary stiffeners are to be supported by bottom transverse web frames, floors, bulkheads, or other primary structure, generally spaced not more than 6 m apart.

4.3.2 Bottom outboard longitudinal primary stiffeners are to be continuous through the supporting structures.

4.3.3 Where it is impracticable to comply with the requirements of Pt 8, Ch 4, 4.3 Bottom outboard longitudinal primary stiffeners 4.3.2, or where it is desired to terminate the bottom outboard longitudinal primary stiffeners in way of the transom, bulkheads or integral tank boundaries, they are to be bracketed in way of their end connections to maintain the continuity of structural strength. Particular care is to be taken to ensure accurate alignment of the brackets.

4.3.4 The Rule requirements for bending moment, shear force, shear stress and deflection are to be determined from the general equations given in Pt 8, Ch 3, 1.15 Stiffeners general, using the design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement type craft as appropriate, and the coefficients Φ_M, Φ_S and Φ_δ as indicated in Table 3.1.10 Shear force, bending moment and deflection coefficients in Chapter 3 for the load model (a).

4.3.5 The allowable tensile, compressive and shear stress limits indicated in Table 7.3.1 Limiting stress criteria for local loading in Chapter 7, and the span/deflection ratios indicated in Table 7.2.1 Limiting span/deflection ratio in Chapter 7 are to be complied with.

4.4.1 Bottom outboard transverse stiffeners are defined as local stiffening members which support the bottom shell, and which may be continuous or intercostal.

4.4.2 The Rule requirements for bending moment, shear force, shear stress and deflection are to be determined from the general equations given in Pt 8, Ch 3, 1.15 Stiffeners general, using the design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for high speed or displacement type craft as appropriate, and the coefficients Φ_M, Φ_S and Φ_δ as indicated in Table 3.1.10 Shear force, bending moment and deflection coefficients in Chapter 3 for the load model (b).

4.4.3 The allowable tensile, compressive and shear stress limits indicated in Table 7.3.1 Limiting stress criteria for local loading in Chapter 7, and the span/deflection ratios indicated in Table 7.2.1 Limiting span/deflection ratio in Chapter 7 are to be complied with.

4.5.1 Bottom outboard transverse frames are defined as stiffening members which support the bottom shell. They are to be effectively continuous and be bracketed at their end connections to side frames and bottom floors as appropriate.

4.5.2 The Rule requirements for bending moment, shear force, shear stress and deflection are to be determined from the general equations given in Pt 8, Ch 3, 1.15 Stiffeners general, using the design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement type craft as appropriate, and the coefficients Φ_M, Φ_S and Φ_δ as indicated in Table 3.1.10 Shear force, bending moment and deflection coefficients in Chapter 3 for the load model (a).

4.5.3 The allowable tensile, compressive and shear stress limits indicated in Table 7.3.1 Limiting stress criteria for local loading in Chapter 7, and the span/deflection ratios indicated in Table 7.2.1 Limiting span/deflection ratio in Chapter 7 are to be complied with.

4.6.1 Bottom outboard transverse web frames are defined as primary stiffening members which support bottom shell longitudinals. They are to be continuous and be substantially bracketed at their end connections to side web frames and bottom floors.

4.6.2 Where it is impracticable to comply with the requirements of Pt 8, Ch 4, 4.6 Bottom outboard transverse web frames 4.6.1, or where it is desired to terminate the bottom inboard transverse web frames in way of bulkheads or integral tank boundaries, etc. all web frames are to be bracketed in way of their end connections, to maintain the continuity of structural strength. Particular care is to be taken to ensure accurate alignment of the brackets. All brackets are to be `soft toed' (see Figure 3.4.1 `Soft-toe' in Chapter 3) and are to terminate on suitable supporting structure capable of carrying the transmitted bending moment.

4.6.3 The Rule requirements for the bending moment, shear force, shear stress and deflection are to be determined from the general equations given in Pt 8, Ch 3, 1.15 Stiffeners general, using the design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement type craft as appropriate, and the coefficients Φ_M, Φ_S and Φ_δ as indicated in Table 3.1.10 Shear force, bending moment and deflection coefficients in Chapter 3 for the load model (a).

4.6.4 The allowable tensile, compressive and shear stress limits indicated in Table 7.3.1 Limiting stress criteria for local loading in Chapter 7, and the span/deflection ratios indicated in Table 7.2.1 Limiting span/deflection ratio in Chapter 7 are to be complied with.

4.7.1 The scantlings and arrangements for bottom inboard longitudinal stiffeners are to be determined in accordance with the procedures described in Pt 8, Ch 4, 4.2 Bottom outboard longitudinal stiffeners using the bottom inboard longitudinal stiffeners design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement craft as appropriate.

4.8.1 The scantlings and arrangements for bottom inboard longitudinal primary stiffeners are to be determined in accordance with the procedures described in Pt 8, Ch 4, 4.3 Bottom outboard longitudinal primary stiffeners using the bottom inboard longitudinal primary stiffeners design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement craft as appropriate.

4.9.1 The scantlings and arrangements for bottom inboard transverse stiffeners are to be determined in accordance with the procedures described in Pt 8, Ch 4, 4.4 Bottom outboard transverse stiffeners using the bottom inboard transverse stiffeners design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement craft as appropriate.

4.10.1 The scantlings and arrangements for bottom inboard transverse frames are to be determined in accordance with the procedures described in Pt 8, Ch 4, 4.5 Bottom outboard transverse frames using the bottom inboard transverse frames design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement craft as appropriate.

4.11.1 The scantlings and arrangements for bottom inboard transverse web frames are to be determined in accordance with the procedures described in Pt 8, Ch 4, 4.6 Bottom outboard transverse web frames using the bottom inboard transverse web frames design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement craft as appropriate.

4.12.1 The side outboard longitudinal stiffeners are to be supported by side transverse web frames, bulkheads, or other primary structure, generally spaced not more than 2 m apart.

4.12.2 Side outboard longitudinal stiffeners are to be continuous through the supporting structures.

4.12.3 Where it is impracticable to comply with the requirements of Pt 8, Ch 4, 4.12 Side outboard longitudinal stiffeners 4.12.2, or where it is desired to terminate the side outboard longitudinal stiffeners in way of the transom, bulkheads or integral tank boundaries, they are to be bracketed in way of their end connections to maintain the continuity of structural strength. Particular care is to be taken to ensure accurate alignment of the brackets.

4.12.4 The Rule requirements for the bending moment, shear force, shear stress and deflection are to be determined from the general equations given in Pt 8, Ch 3, 1.15 Stiffeners general, using the design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement type craft as appropriate, and the coefficients Φ_M, Φ_S and Φ_δ as indicated in Table 3.1.10 Shear force, bending moment and deflection coefficients in Chapter 3 for the load model (b).

4.12.5 The allowable tensile, compressive and shear stress limits indicated in Table 7.3.1 Limiting stress criteria for local loading in Chapter 7, and the span/deflection ratios indicated in Table 7.2.1 Limiting span/deflection ratio in Chapter 7 are to be complied with.

4.13.1 The side outboard longitudinal primary stiffeners are to be supported by side transverse web frames, bulkheads, or other primary structure, generally spaced not more than 6 m apart.

4.13.2 Side outboard longitudinal primary stiffeners are to be continuous through the supporting structures.

4.13.3 Where it is impracticable to comply with the requirements of Pt 8, Ch 4, 4.13 Side outboard longitudinal primary stiffeners 4.13.2, or where it is desired to terminate the side outboard longitudinal primary stiffeners in way of the transom, bulkheads or integral tank boundaries, they are to be bracketed in way of their end connections to maintain the continuity of structural strength. Particular care is to be taken to ensure accurate alignment of the brackets.

4.13.4 The Rule requirements for bending moment, shear force, shear stress and deflection are to be determined from the general equations given in Pt 8, Ch 3, 1.15 Stiffeners general, using the design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement type craft as appropriate, and the coefficients Φ_M, Φ_S and Φ_δ as indicated in Table 3.1.10 Shear force, bending moment and deflection coefficients in Chapter 3 for the load model (a).

4.13.5 The allowable tensile, compressive and shear stress limits indicated in Table 7.3.1 Limiting stress criteria for local loading in Chapter 7, and the span/deflection ratios indicated in Table 7.2.1 Limiting span/deflection ratio in Chapter 7 are to be complied with.

4.14.1 Side outboard transverse stiffeners are defined as local stiffening members which support the side shell, and which may be continuous or intercostal.

4.14.2 The Rule requirements for bending moment, shear force, shear stress and deflection are to be determined from the general equations given in Pt 8, Ch 3, 1.15 Stiffeners general, using the design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement type craft as appropriate, and the coefficients Φ_M, Φ_S and Φ_δ as indicated in Table 3.1.10 Shear force, bending moment and deflection coefficients in Chapter 3 for the load model (b).

4.14.3 The allowable tensile, compressive and shear stress limits indicated in Table 7.3.1 Limiting stress criteria for local loading in Chapter 7, and the span/deflection ratios indicated in Table 7.2.1 Limiting span/deflection ratio in Chapter 7 are to be complied with.

4.15.1 Side outboard transverse frames are defined as stiffening members supporting the side shell and spanning continuously between bottom floors/frames and decks. They are to be effectively constrained against rotation at their end connections.

4.15.2 The Rule requirements for bending moment, shear force, shear stress and deflection are to be determined from the general equations given in Pt 8, Ch 3, 1.15 Stiffeners general, using the design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement type craft as appropriate, and the coefficients Φ_M, Φ_S and Φ_δ as indicated in Table 3.1.10 Shear force, bending moment and deflection coefficients in Chapter 3 for the load model (a).

4.15.3 The allowable tensile, compressive and shear stress limits indicated in Table 7.3.1 Limiting stress criteria for local loading in Chapter 7, and the span/deflection ratios indicated in Table 7.2.1 Limiting span/deflection ratio in Chapter 7 are to be complied with.

4.16.1 Side outboard transverse web frames are defined as primary stiffening members which support side shell longitudinals, they are to be continuous and be substantially bracketed at their end connections to side web frames and side floors.

4.16.2 Where it is impracticable to comply with the requirements of Pt 8, Ch 4, 4.16 Side outboard transverse web frames 4.16.1, or where it is desired to terminate the side outboard transverse web frames in way of bulkheads or integral tank boundaries, etc. all web frames are to be bracketed in way of their end connections, to maintain the continuity of structural strength. Particular care is to be taken to ensure accurate alignment of the brackets. All brackets are to be `soft toed' see Figure 3.4.1 `Soft-toe' in Chapter 3, and are to terminate on suitable supporting structure capable of carrying the transmitted bending moment.

4.16.3 The Rule requirements for bending moment, shear force, shear stress and deflection are to be determined from the general equations given in Pt 8, Ch 3, 1.15 Stiffeners general, using the design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement type craft as appropriate, and the coefficients Φ_M, Φ_S and Φ_δ as indicated in Table 3.1.10 Shear force, bending moment and deflection coefficients in Chapter 3 for the load model (a).

4.16.4 The allowable tensile, compressive and shear stress limits indicated in Table 7.3.1 Limiting stress criteria for local loading in Chapter 7, and the span/deflection ratios indicated in Table 7.2.1 Limiting span/deflection ratio in Chapter 7 are to be complied with.

4.17.1 The scantlings and arrangements for side inboard longitudinal stiffeners are to be determined in accordance with the procedures described in Pt 8, Ch 4, 4.12 Side outboard longitudinal stiffeners using the side inboard longitudinal stiffeners design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement craft as appropriate.

4.18.1 The scantlings and arrangements for side inboard longitudinal primary stiffeners are to be determined in accordance with the procedures described in Pt 8, Ch 4, 4.8 Bottom inboard longitudinal primary stiffeners using the side inboard longitudinal primary stiffeners design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement craft as appropriate.

4.19.1 The scantlings and arrangements for side inboard transverse stiffeners are to be determined in accordance with the procedures described in Pt 8, Ch 4, 4.14 Side outboard transverse stiffeners using the side inboard transverse stiffeners design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement craft as appropriate.

4.20.1 The scantlings and arrangements for side inboard transverse frames are to be determined in accordance with the procedures described in Pt 8, Ch 4, 4.15 Side outboard transverse frames using the side inboard transverse frames design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement craft as appropriate.

4.21.1 The scantlings and arrangements for side inboard transverse web frames are to be determined in accordance with the procedures described in Pt 8, Ch 4, 4.16 Side outboard transverse web frames using the side inboard transverse web frames design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement craft as appropriate.

4.22.1 The wet-deck longitudinal stiffeners are to be supported by transverse web frames, bulkheads, or other primary structure, generally spaced not more than 2 m apart.

4.22.2 Wet-deck longitudinal stiffeners are to be continuous through the supporting structures.

4.22.3 Where it is impracticable to comply with the requirements of Pt 8, Ch 4, 4.22 Wet-deck longitudinal stiffeners 4.22.2, or where it is desired to terminate the wet-deck longitudinal stiffeners in way of the transom, bulkheads or integral tank boundaries, they are to be bracketed in way of their end connections to maintain the continuity of structural strength. Particular care is to be taken to ensure accurate alignment of the brackets.

4.22.4 The Rule requirements for bending moment, shear force, shear stress and deflection are to be determined from the general equations given in Pt 8, Ch 3, 1.15 Stiffeners general, using the design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement type craft as appropriate, and the coefficients Φ_M, Φ_S and Φ_δ as indicated in Table 3.1.10 Shear force, bending moment and deflection coefficients in Chapter 3 for the load model (b).

4.22.5 The allowable tensile, compressive and shear stress limits indicated in Table 7.3.1 Limiting stress criteria for local loading in Chapter 7, and the span/deflection ratios indicated in Table 7.2.1 Limiting span/deflection ratio in Chapter 7 are to be complied with.

4.22.6 In no case are the scantlings and arrangements for the wet-deck longitudinal stiffeners to be taken less than as required for the side inboard longitudinal stiffeners indicated in Pt 8, Ch 4, 4.17 Side inboard longitudinal stiffeners.

4.23.1 The wet-deck longitudinal primary stiffeners are to be supported by transverse web frames, bulkheads, or other primary structure, generally spaced not more than 6 m apart.

4.23.2 Wet-deck longitudinal primary stiffeners are to be continuous through the supporting structures.

4.23.3 Where it is impracticable to comply with the requirements of Pt 8, Ch 4, 4.23 Wet-deck longitudinal primary stiffeners 4.23.2, or where it is desired to terminate the wet-deck longitudinal primary stiffeners in way of the transom, bulkheads or integral tank boundaries, they are to be bracketed in way of their end connections to maintain the continuity of structural strength. Particular care is to be taken to ensure accurate alignment of the brackets.

4.23.4 The Rule requirements for bending moment, shear force, shear stress and deflection are to be determined from the general equations given in Pt 8, Ch 3, 1.15 Stiffeners general, using the design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement type craft as appropriate, and the coefficients Φ_M, Φ_S and Φ_δ as indicated in Table 3.1.10 Shear force, bending moment and deflection coefficients in Chapter 3 for the load model (a).

4.23.5 The allowable tensile, compressive and shear stress limits indicated in Table 7.3.1 Limiting stress criteria for local loading in Chapter 7, and the span/deflection ratios indicated in Table 7.2.1 Limiting span/deflection ratio in Chapter 7 are to be complied with.

4.23.6 In no case are the scantlings and arrangements for the wet-deck longitudinal primary stiffeners to be taken less than as required for the side inboard longitudinal primary stiffeners indicated in Pt 8, Ch 4, 4.18 Side inboard longitudinal primary stiffeners.

4.23.7 Additionally the requirements of Pt 8, Ch 6 Hull Girder Strength, in respect of global strength are to be complied with.

4.24.1 Wet-deck transverse stiffeners are defined as local stiffening members which support the wet-deck shell, and which may be continuous or intercostal.

4.24.2 The Rule requirements for bending moment, shear force, shear stress and deflection are to be determined from the general equations given in Pt 8, Ch 3, 1.15 Stiffeners general, using the design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement type craft as appropriate, and the coefficients Φ_M, Φ_S and Φ_δ as indicated in Table 3.1.10 Shear force, bending moment and deflection coefficients in Chapter 3 for the load model (b).

4.24.3 The allowable tensile, compressive and shear stress limits indicated in Table 7.3.1 Limiting stress criteria for local loading in Chapter 7, and the span/deflection ratios indicated in Table 7.2.1 Limiting span/deflection ratio in Chapter 7 are to be complied with.

4.24.4 In no case are the scantlings and arrangements for the wet-deck transverse stiffeners to be taken less than as required for the side inboard transverse stiffeners indicated in Pt 8, Ch 4, 4.19 Side inboard transverse stiffeners.

4.25.1 Wet-deck transverse frames are defined as stiffening members which support the wet-deck shell, they are to be effectively continuous and be bracketed at their end connections to side frames and side floors as appropriate.

4.25.2 The Rule requirements for bending moment, shear force, shear stress and deflection are to be determined from the general equations given in Pt 8, Ch 3, 1.15 Stiffeners general, using the design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement type craft as appropriate, and the coefficients Φ_M, Φ_S and Φ_δ as indicated in Table 3.1.10 Shear force, bending moment and deflection coefficients in Chapter 3 for the load model (a).

4.25.3 The allowable tensile, compressive and shear stress limits indicated in Table 7.3.1 Limiting stress criteria for local loading in Chapter 7, and the span/deflection ratios indicated in Table 7.2.1 Limiting span/deflection ratio in Chapter 7 are to be complied with.

4.25.4 In no case are the scantlings and arrangements for the wet-deck transverse frames to be taken less than as required for the side inboard transverse frames indicated in Pt 8, Ch 4, 4.20 Side inboard transverse frames.

4.26.1 Wet-deck transverse web frames are defined as primary stiffening members which support wet-deck longitudinals. They are to be continuous and be substantially bracketed at their end connections to side web frames and side floors.

4.26.2 Where it is impracticable to comply with the requirements of Pt 8, Ch 4, 4.26 Wet-deck transverse web frames 4.26.1, or where it is desired to terminate the wet-deck transverse web frames in way of bulkheads or integral tank boundaries, etc. all web frames are to be bracketed in way of their end connections, to maintain the continuity of structural strength. Particular care is to be taken to ensure accurate alignment of the brackets. All brackets are to be 'soft toed', see Figure 3.4.1 `Soft-toe' in Chapter 3, and are to terminate on suitable supporting structure capable of carrying the transmitted bending moment.

4.26.3 The Rule requirements for bending moment, shear force, shear stress and deflection are to be determined from the general equations given in Pt 8, Ch 3, 1.15 Stiffeners general, using the design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement type craft as appropriate, and the coefficients Φ_M, Φ_S and Φ_δ as indicated in Table 3.1.10 Shear force, bending moment and deflection coefficients in Chapter 3 for the load model (a).

4.26.4 The allowable tensile, compressive and shear stress limits indicated in Table 7.3.1 Limiting stress criteria for local loading in Chapter 7, and the span/deflection ratios indicated in Table 7.2.1 Limiting span/deflection ratio in Chapter 7 are to be complied with.

4.26.5 In no case are the scantlings and arrangements for the wet-deck transverse web frames to be taken less than as required for the side inboard transverse web frames indicated in Pt 8, Ch 4, 4.21 Side inboard transverse web frames.

4.26.6 Primary transverse web frame members which link the strength deck to the wet-deck structure and which carry the transverse global loading, are additionally to comply with Pt 8, Ch 6, 3.4 Torsional strength.

4.26.7 Particular care is to be taken to ensure that the continuity of transverse structural strength is maintained. All primary transverse members are to be continuous through the side inboard structure and be integrated into transverse bulkheads or other primary structure within each hull, see Figure 4.4.1 End connection detail, wet-deck structure. In the case of trimaran type craft the primary transverse members are to be continuous through the centre hull. Additionally the side inboard shell laminate in way of the intersection is to be locally increased in thickness by not less than 50 per cent. Copies of direct calculations are to be submitted for consideration.

Figure 4.4.1 End connection detail, wet-deck structure

4.27.1 Where the Rules do not specifically define the requirements for novel features then the scantlings and arrangements are to be determined by direct calculations. Such calculations are to be carried out on the basis of the Rules, recognised standards and good practice, and are to be submitted for consideration.