Section 1 General
Clasification Society 2024 - Version 9.40
Clasifications Register Rules and Regulations - Code for Offshore Personnel Transfer Systems, July 2022 - Chapter 1 Offshore Personnel Transfer Systems - Section 1 General

Section 1 General

1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 This document defines technical requirements for the certification and classification (see Ch 1, 1.6 Classification procedure and Ch 1, 1.7 Certification procedure) of Offshore Personnel Transfer Systems (OPTS). The OPTS shall be designed, manufactured and installed in accordance with the requirements of this Code.

1.1.2 This Code is intended to support and complement the applicable parts of the current Code for Lifting Appliances in a Marine Environment, July 2022 in areas where specific conditions (related to the environment, loads, design, etc.) of an OPTS are required to be taken into account.

1.1.3 A typical arrangement of an OPTS is shown in Figure 1.1.1 Typical arrangement and components of an OPTS and the typical parts of an OPTS consist of:
  1. pedestal or foundation (not part of the mothership structure);
  2. motion compensation system (optional);
  3. base frame;
  4. machinery housing (may not necessarily be mounted on the base frame);
  5. Operator station (ideally placed close to the gangway);
  6. gangway, main part;
  7. gangway, telescopic part (usually installed but may also be optional); and
  8. landing or connecting arrangement.

Other possible arrangements and layouts of an OPTS may not use all of the shown parts and/or may use other components and arrangements.

Figure 1.1.1 Typical arrangement and components of an OPTS

1.1.4 The operational and functional sequence of a typical motion compensated OPTS as shown in Figure 1.1.1 Typical arrangement and components of an OPTS may be described as outlined in Table 1.1.1 Operational and functional sequence of a typical motion compensated OPTS.

Table 1.1.1 Operational and functional sequence of a typical motion compensated OPTS

Operational step Service condition Persons on gangway Functional/operational description
1 Out-of-service No The OPTS is securely stowed on deck of the mothership.
2 Out-of-service No The Operator prepares the OPTS for service (e.g. release of stowage arrangements) and takes position at the Operator station.
3 In-service Possible Personnel are boarding the waiting area on the OPTS (directly or via the gangway).
4 In-service No The OPTS is powered up.
5 In-service No The base frame and the gangway are lifted up from their resting positions and the OPTS is slewing to the off-board position.
6 In-service No The motion compensation system (and the base frame) is taken to its neutral position (usually in between maximum positions).
7 In-service No The motion compensation system is activated.
8 In-service No The gangway will be luffed up or down to adjust for a potential height difference between the waiting area on the base frame and the target structure.
9 In-service No The telescopic part of the gangway will be extended towards the target structure on the target unit.
10 In-service No The gangway landing/connection arrangement:
  • may land on;
  • may be pushed against;
  • may be structurally secured to;

the target structure to enable a safe transfer of personnel.

11 In-service No The system may be switched into a lower level of motion compensation where slewing and/or telescoping and/or luffing are partly and passively compensating mothership motions without external power supply.
12 In-service Yes The system is in active or passive compensation mode and personnel may access the gangway and transfer to the target unit, if allowed by the Operator.
13 In-service No The system regains full motion compensation and slewing and/or telescoping and/or luffing are back to powered compensation.
14 In-service No The gangway landing/connection arrangement is disconnected from target structure by telescoping in.
15 In-service No The motion compensation system (and the base frame) is taken to its neutral position (see operational step 6).
16 In-service No The base frame and the gangway are lowered to their resting positions.
17 In-service Possible The transferring personnel is leaving the OPTS via the waiting area or via the gangway.
18 Out-of-service No The OPTS is powered down.
19 Out-of-service No The Operator secures the OPTS on the mothership deck in its stowage position.

1.1.5 In certain circumstances the requirements of this Code may not adequately cover the actual project, e.g. due to novel design or other reasons. In such circumstances, the applicability of this Code may require further consideration in which case it is recommended to contact LR at an early stage in order to discuss and agree the specific technical requirements and the certification or classification approach. In all circumstances, however, a specific risk assessment as defined in Ch 1, 10 Risk assessment will be required.

1.1.6  In general, the lifting and supporting of persons with lifting appliances in an offshore or open sea environment is regarded as an activity posing higher risks for personnel compared to normal cargo handling operations. The requirements in this document are intended to mitigate such elevated risks.

1.2 Scope

1.2.1 This Code covers the design, fabrication, survey and documentation requirements for an OPTS. However, it should be noted that the requirements of Ch 1 General, Ch 4 Cranes and Submersible Lifting Appliances, Ch 8 Fittings, Loose Gear and Ropes, Ch 9 Machinery, Ch 10 Electrotechnical Systems, Ch 11 Materials and Fabrication, Ch 12 Testing, Marking and Surveys and Ch 13 Documentation of the Code for Lifting Appliances in a Marine Environment, July 2022 also apply (as applicable) except in such instances where the specific requirements are otherwise defined in this Code.

1.2.2 OPTS for the purposes of these requirements cover the following systems:
  1. Systems installed on motherships providing safe passage to fixed installations in open sea conditions by means of passive, active or hybrid compensation systems (e.g. mothership to fixed wind energy offshore structures). These three systems are defined in Ch 1, 2 Offshore Personnel Transfer System types.
  2. Systems installed on motherships providing safe passage to other ships or offshore units or floating installations in open sea conditions by means of passive, active or hybrid compensation systems (e.g. mothership to ship transfer).
  3. Systems which are ‘bridging’ two floating structures in open sea conditions (e.g. bridging of a ‘Flotel’ and an FPSO) usually by means of passive compensation systems.
  4. Systems which fulfil a dual function of providing safe transfer between installations and/or ships and/or offshore units in open sea conditions and also providing cargo handling capabilities.
  5. Systems without a gangway but equipped with a personnel containment such as a basket or other type of carrier which contains or supports personnel for the purposes of transfer from the mothership to the target unit (e.g. from mothership to fixed wind energy offshore structures).
  6. Systems not described in the above will be specially considered on the basis of this Code and the Code for Lifting Appliances in a Marine Environment, July 2022. See Ch 1, 1.1 Introduction.
1.2.3 The scope of this Code with respect to certification and classification of the OPTS does not extend to:
  1. any aspects related to the operation of the OPTS;
  2. systems operating at an ambient air temperature below -50°C;
  3. systems operating at an ambient air temperature above +45°C;
  4. systems designed for minimum design temperatures below -40°C (see Ch 4, 2.25 Materials of the Code for Lifting Appliances in a Marine Environment, July 2022);
  5. gangway construction materials other than steel;
  6. systems with the gangway at an inclination of more than 20 degrees (with personnel on the gangway);
  7. ship to shore gangways and linkspans;
  8. structure of the mothership in way of the pedestal/foundation;
  9. lifting, handling and erection of the OPTS or their components;
  10. transport of an OPTS and/or its components;
  11. accidental collision loads, e.g. collision of the OPTS with a structure or an object, etc.;
  12. explosion/blast loads;
  13. assembling or disassembling of the OPTS and/or its components;
  14. scrapping or disabling of the OPTS and/or its components;
  15. handling of loads (e.g. cargo) using the (optional) dedicated crane functionality simultaneous with the transfer operation of personnel;
  16. an OPTS being installed on naval vessels where the mothership and/or target unit are moving during transfer; and
  17. any misuse.

1.2.4 Where an OPTS also serves as a conventional offshore crane in addition to its personnel transfer functionality then the OPTS shall be designed in accordance with the applicable requirements of the Code for Lifting Appliances in a Marine Environment, July 2022 in addition to the requirements given in this Code. In case of any conflict the more onerous requirement shall prevail. It is recommended that LR is contacted at an early stage in order to agree on a resolution of such issues.

1.2.5 In order for this Code to be applicable it is required that the ships and/or floating units and/or offshore units are moored or a Dynamic Positioning System or a Positional Mooring System is installed on the mothership supporting the OPTS or which is served by the OPTS. The capability and performance of the position keeping system and its reference systems are to be taken into account and are to ensure safe operation of the OPTS in all environmental conditions for which the personnel transfer system is designed. The requirement for the installation of position keeping systems will be specially considered in case of small vessels or other circumstances (e.g. low operational significant waves heights) where such systems may be unreasonable or may not be applicable.

1.2.6 The OPTS is to be designed considering the individual characteristics of the mothership. Such individual characteristics can be related to mothership motions, mothership inclination, station keeping performance, etc. If the mothership is unknown at the time of design, a design load envelope shall be defined which includes design accelerations, inclinations and other loads and limiting parameters.

1.2.7 In case of a non-permanently installed OPTS, the design is to make reference to a design envelope taking into account the maximum governing loads required to be applied for the design of the OPTS. Any operational parameters and safety requirements or any limitations as a result of the design of OPTS are to be taken into consideration. It is to be ensured the aforementioned loads, requirements, parameters and limitations of the actual OPTS are not exceeded when installing and operating the OPTS on the actual temporary mothership.

1.3 Stakeholders

1.3.1 This Code is considered relevant to the following stakeholders:
  1. National and/or Coastal State Authorities.
  2. Owners and/or Operators of units and ships on which OPTS are installed.
  3. Designers/manufacturers responsible for the design, production and installation of OPTS.
  4. Lloyd’s Register plan appraisal Specialists.
  5. Lloyd’s Register site Surveyors.

1.4 Prerequisites

1.4.1 OPTS built in accordance with the requirements of this Code will be classed or certified and will continue to be classed and certified as long as they are found, upon examination at the prescribed surveys, to be maintained in accordance with the requirements of the Code.

1.4.2 These requirements are framed on the understanding that:
  1. The OPTS and/or associated components and/or equipment will at all times be properly operated and loaded in accordance with the designer’s or manufacturer’s instructions and the loading conditions approved by LR.
  2. Where the OPTS and/or associated components and/or equipment is to be certified but not classed, the design criteria specified conclude that Periodical Survey procedures, at least equivalent to LR’s, will be adhered to by the Owner or the OPTS Operator.
  3. The OPTS and/or associated components and/or equipment will at all times be properly operated by authorised personnel who are sufficiently competent, trained and qualified.
  4. The OPTS and/or associated components and/or equipment will be maintained by authorised personnel who are sufficiently competent, trained and qualified.
  5. The OPTS installed on the mothership will not be operated in environmental conditions more severe than those agreed for the design basis and approval and shall not be subjected to marine operational conditions that exceed the parameters used in design and established according to this Code.
  6. Before performing a personnel transfer operation, the Operator will ensure that the actual mothership (and target unit) motion parameters at current sea state, the current wind speed, the actual elevation gap between mothership and target unit and the required range of the telescoping system and other relevant parameters, do not exceed the limiting values as defined by the individual design and specified in the instructions for use. Marine and offshore contractors and the Operator responsible for personnel transfer operations will be informed of these limitations and the necessary restrictions during the personnel transfer operations will be put in place.
  7. The OPTS and/or associated components and/or equipment and surroundings will be thoroughly inspected by the Operator prior to use as required by the instructions for use.
  8. The manufacturer is to have a documented quality assurance system in place (including a continuous improvement system) in compliance with a recognised National or International Standard, e.g. ISO 9001 Quality management systems – Requirements. For further details see Ch 1, 11 Quality assurance system.
  9. Compliance with these requirements does not absolve the designers and/or manufacturers of their contractual responsibilities to the Owner/Operator for compliance with the specification and the overall design and in-service performance of the OPTS and/or associated components and/or equipment.
  10. It is the responsibility of the Operator or Owner to ensure that the OPTS is safely operated in compliance with the instructions for use issued by the designer/manufacturer.

1.5 Authority requirements

1.5.1 The responsible National Authority (i.e. Flag State) and/or Coastal State and/or other regulatory authorities responsible for the offshore sector in which the OPTS is intended to be operated may have additional requirements which need to be adhered to as applicable in addition to these requirements.

1.5.2 In case of conflict with this Code, the requirements of the National Authority and/or Coastal State and/or other regulatory authorities take precedence.

1.6 Classification procedure

1.6.1 The classification of the OPTS is required in case the system is forming an essential feature of the mothership. See Ch 1, 1.3 Classification 1.3.2 of the Code for Lifting Appliances in a Marine Environment, July 2022.

1.6.2 The classification of the OPTS covers the design, construction, examination, testing and subsequent Periodical Surveys to the extent indicated within this Code and is achieved by way of the engagement of LR Surveyors at the appropriate stages of design, construction, installation, commissioning, and periodical examinations during service. The following activities are undertaken by LR:
  1. Appraisal of plans covering structural, mechanical, hydraulic, electrical and control engineering aspects of the OPTS.
  2. Verification that the material for structural components and machinery items adopted for a classed OPTS complies with Ch 1, 12 Materials and fabrication of these requirements. The required documentation for the materials used is to comply with Ch 1, 12 Materials and fabrication and Ch 1, 12.8 Documentation 12.8.2.
  3. Survey during fabrication of the critical and primary structure and winches, hydraulic cylinders and other machinery, parts and components at the place of manufacture, including verifying that materials are in accordance with the approved plans and suitably qualified welders using approved weld procedures are employed in the fabrication. Further details are provided in Ch 1, 12 Materials and fabrication.
  4. Survey at the manufacturer to include the hydraulic, electrical and control engineering systems.
  5. Verification of certificates for the appropriate forms of wire ropes and chains which are to be manufactured at works approved by LR.
  6. Survey of the gangway and remaining critical and primary structure, winches, electrical, control and hydraulic systems during installation and on-site assembly.
  7. Survey and testing of the motion compensation, connection and disconnection systems and arrangements (as applicable).
  8. Survey during load and operational testing of the OPTS, as specified in Ch 1, 13 Testing, marking and surveys.
  9. Periodical Surveys and tests, as specified in Ch 1, 13.9 Classification surveys.

1.6.4 The classification of an existing OPTS or an OPTS which is not permanently installed on a specific unit or mothership will be specially considered.

1.7 Certification procedure

1.7.1 Where certification, which is distinct from classification, of the OPTS is requested, the procedures to be adopted are the same as those for classification outlined in Ch 1, 1.6 Classification procedure, with the following exceptions:
  1. The required documentation for the materials used may comply with Ch 1, 12.8 Documentation 12.8.3.
  2. A class notation will not be assigned to certified OPTS.
  3. Periodical Surveys after commissioning of the OPTS need not be carried out by LR. However, the Owner’s/Operator’s/designer’s attention is drawn to Ch 1, 13.5 Periodical thorough examinations with respect to the need for ongoing Surveys.

1.7.2 The certification of an existing OPTS will be carried out following the procedure as given in Ch 1, 13.4 Initial Survey of existing installations. The certification of an OPTS which is not permanently installed on a specific unit or mothership will be specially considered.

1.8 Class notations

1.8.1 If the OPTS forms an essential feature of the mothership, the mandatory class notation LA shall be applied.

1.8.2 The special feature class notation which may optionally be applied to OPTS is defined as W2W.

1.9 Referenced Rules, Codes and Standards

1.9.1 The authority requirements and the requirements of Codes, Rules and Standards listed in the following are to be applied in the following order of priority:

  1. The requirements of the National and/or Coastal State Authorities and/or other regulatory authorities (responsible for the mothership and/or the offshore area of operation respectively).
  2. The requirements of this Code for Offshore Personnel Transfer Systems.
  3. The requirements of Lloyd’s Register’s Code for Lifting Appliances in a Marine Environment, July 2022.
  4. Other Lloyd’s Register Rules and Standards (as applicable); and
  5. The list of ISO, EN and other standards (see Ch 1, 1.9 Referenced Rules, Codes and Standards 1.9.5 and Ch 1, 1.9 Referenced Rules, Codes and Standards 1.9.6) provides a list of preferred standards in case requirements are considered necessary to be taken from such standards in the absence of requirements in (a), (b), (c) or (d) above. However, the application of such additional standards shall be agreed between the Owner and/or Operator, designer/manufacturer of the OPTS and LR as applicable and required for the individual project on a case-by-case basis.

The order of standards may also depend on the requirements of the National and/or Coastal State Authorities responsible for the ship and/or the offshore area of operation respectively. The selection of standards as defined in Ch 1, 1.9 Referenced Rules, Codes and Standards 1.9.1.(e) shall be agreed with LR prior to commencing of the project.

1.9.2 The edition or version of the Rules, Codes or standards shall be the one being in force on the contract date between the Owner/Operator and the yard building the mothership. Where designs and/or projects are not related to a specific mothership, the edition or version of the applicable Rules, Codes or Standards shall be the one being in force on the contract date between the designer/manufacturer and LR for certification of the OPTS.

1.9.3 If a recognised National or International Standard listed in the following has been withdrawn it shall no longer be used unless it has been replaced by another valid and recognised standard.

1.9.5 European standards:
  1. EN 614 Safety of machineryErgonomic design principles,
  2. EN 842 Safety of machineryVisual danger signals – General requirements, design and testing,
  3. EN 1127-1 Explosive atmospheres – Explosion prevention and protection Part 1: Basic concepts and methodology,
  4. EN 10204 Metallic products – Types of inspection documents,
  5. EN 12077-2 Cranes safety – Requirements for health and safety – Part 2: Limiting and indicating devices,
  6. EN 12385-1 Steel wire ropes – Safety – Part 1: General requirements,
  7. EN 12385-2 Steel wire ropes – Safety – Part 2: Definitions, designation and classification,
  8. EN 12385-3 Steel wire ropes – Safety – Part 3: Information for use and maintenance,
  9. EN 12385-4 Steel wire ropes – Safety – Part 4: Stranded ropes for general lifting applications,
  10. EN 12644-1 Cranes – Information for use and testing – Part 1: Instructions,
  11. EN 12644-2 Cranes – Information for use and testing – Part 2: Marking,
  12. EN 13001 Cranes – General design,
  13. EN 13135 Cranes – Safety – Design – Requirements for equipment,
  14. EN 13411-3 Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety – Part 3: Ferrules and ferrule-securing,
  15. EN 13411-4 Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety – Part 4: Metal and resin socketing,
  16. EN 13411-6 Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety – Part 6: Asymmetric wedge socket,
  17. EN 13411-7 Terminations for steel wire ropes – Safety – Part 7: Symmetric wedge socket,
  18. EN 13557 Cranes – Controls and control stations,
  19. EN 13586 Cranes – Access,
  20. EN 13852-1 Cranes – General-purpose offshore cranes,
  21. EN 14502-1 Cranes – Equipment for the lifting of persons – Part 1: Suspended baskets,
  22. EN 14502-2 Cranes Equipment for the lifting of persons – Part 2: Elevating control stations,
  23. EN 31010 Risk management – Risk assessment techniques.
1.9.6 International Standards:
  1. ISO Guide 73 Risk management – Vocabulary,
  2. ISO 281 Rolling bearings – Dynamic load ratings and rating life,
  3. ISO 898 Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel,
  4. ISO 15138 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Offshore production installations – Heating, ventilation and air conditioning,
  5. ISO 2232 Round Drawn Wire for General Purpose Nonalloy Steel Wire Ropes – Specifications,
  6. ISO 2408 Steel wire ropes – Requirements,
  7. ISO 2923 Acoustics Measurement of Noise on Board Vessels,
  8. ISO 3108 Steel wire ropes Test method Determination of measured breaking force,
  9. ISO 3744 Acoustics – Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure — Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane,
  10. ISO 4309 Cranes – Wire ropes – Care and maintenance, inspection and discard,
  11. ISO 4413 Hydraulic fluid power – General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components,
  12. ISO 4414 Pneumatic fluid power General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components,
  13. ISO 4871 Acoustics – Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment,
  14. ISO 5488 Ships and marine technology – Accommodation ladders,
  15. ISO 5817 Welding – Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) – Quality levels for imperfections,
  16. ISO 6336 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears,
  17. ISO 7010 Graphical symbols Safety colours and safety signs Registered safety signs,
  18. ISO 7061 Ships and marine technology – Aluminium shore gangways for seagoing vessels,
  19. ISO 7731 Ergonomics – Danger signals for public and work areas – Auditory danger signals,
  20. ISO 8566-1 Cranes – Cabins and control stations – Part 1: General,
  21. ISO 9001 Quality management systems – Requirements,
  22. ISO 9712 Non-destructive testing Qualification and certification of NDT personnel,
  23. ISO 9927-1 Cranes – Inspections – Part 1: General,
  24. ISO 10474 Steel and steel products – Inspection documents,
  25. ISO 11201 Acoustics – Noise emitted by machinery and equipment – Determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane with negligible environmental corrections,
  26. ISO 11688 Acoustics – Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment,
  27. ISO 12100 Safety of machinery – General principles for design – Risk assessment and risk reduction,
  28. ISO 12478-1 Cranes – Maintenance manual – Part 1: General,
  29. ISO 12480-1 Cranes – Safe use – Part 1: General,
  30. ISO 12482-1 Cranes – Condition monitoring – Part 1: General,
  31. ISO 12944 Paints and varnishes – Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems,
  32. ISO 13702 Petroleum and natural gas industries Control and mitigation of fires and explosions on offshore production installations Requirements and guidelines,
  33. ISO 13849 Safety of machinery – Safety-related parts of the control systems,
  34. ISO 13850 Safety of machinery – Emergency stop function Principles for design,
  35. ISO 14120 Safety of machinery – Guards – General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards,
  36. ISO 14122 Safety of machinery – Permanent means of access to machinery,
  37. ISO 17894 Ships and marine technology – Computer applications – General principles for the development and use of programmable electronic systems in marine applications,
  38. ISO 19353 Safety of machinery – Fire prevention and fire protection,
  39. ISO 20332 Cranes – Proof of competence of steel structures,
  40. ISO 31000 Risk management – Guidelines,
  41. IEC 60079 Explosive atmospheres,
  42. IEC 60092-502 Electrical installations in ships Part 502: Tankers - Special features,
  43. IEC 60529 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code),
  44. IEC 61000 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC),
  45. IEC 60204-32 Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 32: Requirements for hoisting machines,
  46. IEC 60812 Analysis techniques for system reliability – Procedure for failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA),
  47. IEC 61508 Functional safety of electrical/ electronic/ programmable electronic safety-related systems,
  48. IEC 61882 Hazard and Operability Studies (HAZOP Studies) – Application Guide,
  49. IEC 61892-7 Mobile and fixed offshore units Electrical installations Part 7: Hazardous areas,
  50. IEC 62443 Security for industrial automation and control systems,
  51. IEC 62745 Safety of machinery Requirements for cableless control systems of machinery,
  52. ISO 80079-36 Explosive atmospheres – Part 36: Non-electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres – Basic method and requirements,
  53. ISO/IEC 27001 Information technology – Security techniques – Information security management systems – Requirements,
  54. ISO/IEC 90003 Software engineering – Guidelines for the application of ISO 9001:2008 to computer software,
  55. IMO MSC.1/Circ. 1331 Guidelines for construction, installation, maintenance and inspection/survey of means of embarkation and disembarkation,
  56. IMO Code on Alerts and Indicators, 2009,
  57. IMO International Code for the Application of Fire Test Procedures (2010 FTP Code),
  58. IMO Code for the Construction and Equipment of Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (2009 MODU Code),
  59. IMO International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974,
  60. IMO SOLAS regulation II-1/3-9, Means of embarkation on and disembarkation from ships,
  61. F.E.M. 1.001 Rules for the design of hoisting appliances,
  62. EI Model Code of Safe Practice Part 15: Area Classification for Installations Handling Flammable Fluids,
  63. ANSI/ISEA 121 American National Standard for Dropped Object Prevention Solutions,
  64. API RP 505 Recommended Practice for Classification of Locations for Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified as Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2.

1.9.7 Recognised National or International Standards for the design of OPTS and/or their components may be accepted as equivalent to the requirements of this Code, provided LR is satisfied in each case that the standard adequately takes into account all necessary parameters (e.g. loads, environmental conditions, etc.) resulting from the intended mode of operation. The relevant Standard is to be specified in the submission and agreement shall be requested (in accordance with Ch 1, 1.9 Referenced Rules, Codes and Standards 1.9.1.(e)) prior to the design process commencing.

1.10 Terms and definitions

1.10.1 Active motion compensation means the compensation of the motions of the mothership (and possibly also the target unit) to enable the safe transfer of personnel by means of a combination of a power source, a control system and a position/motion reference unit. See Ch 1, 2.2 System types 2.2.1 for a detailed description.

1.10.2 Base frame is defined as the structure providing rigid support of the gangway and is usually located between the pedestal and/or the active motion compensation system and the gangway.

1.10.3 Cargo basket or cargo trolley is a mobile or fixed containment for goods, tools or similar items.

1.10.4 Components are all items which are essential for the operation of the system. Those components (structural, machinery, electrical/control) usually have well defined interfaces within the system boundaries of the OPTS (e.g. hydraulic cylinders, winches).

1.10.5 Critical non-structural component is a component of the OPTS where the failure of which may or will result in the loss of functionality or complete loss of the OPTS, e.g. control system, control panel.

1.10.6 Critical structural component is a structural member of the OPTS where the failure of which may or will result in the loss of the OPTS and/or one or more of its components in the main load-path and/or cause harm to any personnel, e.g. gangway chords and bracings, base frame, slewing ring, pedestal.

1.10.7 Dead load is the self-weight of any component of the OPTS which is not included in the Live Load.

1.10.8 Design envelope is the range of operational parameters, geometrical limitations, mothership motions, resulting loads, environmental conditions, etc. to which the OPTS is required to be designed.

1.10.9 Effective gangway width is the maximum span within which loads may be applied to the gangway flooring either by personnel or objects.

1.10.10 Emergency situation is defined as a hazardous situation needing to be urgently ended or averted which can arise during normal operation of the OPTS due to external influences, human interaction or as a consequence of a malfunction or failure of any part of the OPTS. The emergency situations need to be considered for exceptional design load cases.

1.10.11 Essential feature. A lifting appliance forms an essential feature if the purpose of the mothership is impaired if the lifting appliance is not functioning.

1.10.12 Failure load is the load when a structural member, component or other part of the OPTS has just reached its load bearing capacity and any further increase of the load will result in, e.g.:

  1. exceeding of yield strength; and/or
  2. exceeding of ultimate tensile strength; and/or
  3. exceeding of minimum breaking load; and/or
  4. immediate buckling; and/or
  5. mechanical components failing to fulfil their function.

1.10.13 Free floating mode is defined as the OPTS being in a state where the motions of the mothership and/or target unit are not actively compensated. Reference is made to Ch 1, 1.10 Terms and definitions 1.10.1.

1.10.14 Flooring is the supporting structure for persons using gangways, walkways, waiting areas, or similar structures and arrangements.

1.10.15 Gangway is the structure which is intended to support and guide the personnel on their way between the mothership supporting the OPTS and the target unit.

1.10.16 Gangway tip is the end of the gangway structure (including any telescopic part) which comes into contact with or is close to the target structure during personnel transfer.

1.10.17 Guard is a physical barrier to provide protection from machines and their components and parts which pose a potential hazard to personnel.

1.10.18 Guard-rail is a structure preventing persons falling from gangways, walkways, waiting areas and similar arrangements.

1.10.19 Handrail is a part of a guard-rail which persons hold onto while using gangways, walkways, waiting areas, and similar arrangements.

1.10.20 Hazard is a situation with the potential to cause harm to personnel, the OPTS, target unit/structure and supporting mothership in terms of its safety and integrity.

1.10.21 Live load is defined as the sum of the SWLC (as defined in Ch 1, 1.10 Terms and definitions 1.10.45) and the static weight of any component of the appliance which is directly connected to, and undergoes the same motion as, the Safe Working Load during the lifting operation.

1.10.22 Loose gear is defined as hooks, hook blocks, shackles, blocks, swivels, chains, rings and similar items not permanently attached to the OPTS or items which can be removed and re-used elsewhere to serve a similar purpose under the same Safe Working Load or working load limit.

1.10.23 LR Certificate is defined as a certificate issued by LR based on the results of testing and inspection being satisfactorily carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Rules for the Manufacture, Testing and Certification of Materials, July 2022.

1.10.24 Machinery components or systems are defined as mechanical components which enable or aid the active or passive compensation function, or which otherwise assist in moving of structural components of the OPTS (e.g. winches, hydraulic cylinders, etc.).

1.10.25 Main load-path is, in general, defined as the route along the critical structural components of the OPTS, e.g. from the pedestal or foundation via an (optional) motion compensation system followed by the base structure, along the gangway and up to the gangway tip.

1.10.26 Manufacturer's certificate validated by LR is defined as a certificate issued by the manufacturer, validated by LR on the basis of inspection and testing carried out by the manufacturer and which is in accordance with the requirements of the Rules for the Manufacture, Testing and Certification of Materials, July 2022. In case of satisfactory validation, the certificate will include the following statement:

‘We hereby certify that the material has been made by an approved process and satisfactorily tested in accordance with the Rules of Clasifications Register.’

1.10.27 Manufacturer's certificate is defined as a certificate issued by the manufacturer based on the results of testing and inspection being satisfactorily carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Rules for the Manufacture, Testing and Certification of Materials, July 2022, or the applicable National or International Standard. The certificate is to be validated by the manufacturer's authorised representative, independent of the manufacturing department. The certificate will contain a declaration that the products are in compliance with the requirements of these Rules or the applicable National or International Standard. This certificate is equivalent to an inspection certificate EN 10204 Metallic products – Types of inspection documents, 3.1 (or ISO 10474 Steel and steel products – Inspection documents, 3.1) issued by the manufacturer of the materials.

1.10.28 Mothership is the vessel or (offshore) unit which carries the OPTS.

1.10.29 Motion compensation is the ability of the OPTS to fully or partly limit the translational and rotational motion effects of the moving mothership, i.e. dynamic: roll, pitch, yaw, heave, sway and surge, and static: heel and trim.

1.10.30 Nominal gangway length is the average of the maximum and minimum gangway length (e.g. considering telescopic extension).

1.10.31 Off-board lift is defined as a lifting operation which is not limited to the mothership usually taking place over the side of the mothership.

1.10.32 Offshore crane is defined as a crane used in an offshore environment which is handling cargo or personnel off-board the mothership usually by means of a boom or jib in combination with a winch and an associated reeving system.

1.10.33 Offshore Personnel Transfer System (OPTS) is defined as a system which is installed on-board the mothership with the purpose to provide safe transfer of personnel from the mothership to a fixed or floating target unit.

1.10.34 On-board (internal) lift is defined as a lifting operation which is limited to the mothership the appliance is installed on.

1.10.35 Operator is the person operating the OPTS with the responsibility for enabling the safe transfer of personnel between the mothership and the target unit via the target structure.

1.10.36 Passive motion compensation is defined as a system which requires no power source and no control system that enables motion compensation during the transfer of personnel. See Ch 1, 2.2 System types 2.2.1 for a detailed description.

1.10.37 Personnel are the persons which are using the OPTS as a means to safely move/transfer between the mothership and the target unit.

1.10.38 Personnel containment is a structure enabling the support of persons in a limited and defined space by means of a basket or platform or similar structure.

1.10.39 Platform is defined as the means for providing support for personnel which are staying on such means for an extended period of time.

1.10.40 Primary structural component is a component which is not a critical structural component but is directly supporting personnel, e.g. walkways, flooring, handrails and their supports.

1.10.41 Residual motion (including acceleration and inclination) means any motion that remains uncompensated by the motion compensation system.

1.10.42 Risk is the likelihood that a specified undesired event will occur within a specified period of time, or under specified circumstances.

1.10.43 Risk acceptance criteria are the criteria to be applied to the results of the risk assessment, to demonstrate that the OPTS and supporting mothership are capable of providing an acceptable level of safety and integrity.

1.10.44 Risk assessment is the evaluation of the likelihood of specified undesired consequences to the safety and integrity of the OPTS and supporting mothership, together with the value judgements made concerning the significance of the results.

1.10.45 Safe Working Load – Cargo (SWLC). The general definition of the SWL is included in Ch 1, 2.1 Safe Working Load (SWL) of a lifting appliance of the Code for Lifting Appliances in a Marine Environment, July 2022. Within the context of this Code, the SWLC is related to cargo and is specifically defined as the weight of the cargo being handled by the OPTS crane functionality, usually employing falls and a winch.

1.10.46 Safe Working Load – Cargo on Gangway (SWLCG). The general definition of the SWL is included in Ch 1, 2.1 Safe Working Load (SWL) of a lifting appliance of the Code for Lifting Appliances in a Marine Environment, July 2022. Within the context of this Code, the SWLCG is related to cargo and is specifically defined as the weight of the cargo being placed on the gangway (e.g. in a secured cargo basket at the gangway tip).

1.10.47 Safe Working Load – Crane handling personnel (SWLM). The general definition of the SWL is included in Ch 1, 2.1 Safe Working Load (SWL) of a lifting appliance of the Code for Lifting Appliances in a Marine Environment, July 2022. Within the context of this Code, the SWLM is related to handling of personnel (in a suspended basket) and is specifically defined as the weight of the personnel and equipment being handled by the OPTS crane functionality, usually employing falls and a winch.

1.10.48 Safe Working Load – Personnel (SWLP). The general definition of the SWL is included in Ch 1, 2.1 Safe Working Load (SWL) of a lifting appliance of the Code for Lifting Appliances in a Marine Environment, July 2022. Within the context of this Code, the SWLP is related to the transfer of personnel and is specifically defined as the weight of the personnel including light and portable equipment.

1.10.49  Secondary structural component is a component which is not a primary structural component, e.g. cable routings, etc.

1.10.50 Significant wave height (H1/3) is defined as the average of the one third highest waves (measured from trough to crest) in a short-term wave measurement record.

1.10.51 Supporting structure (pedestal or foundation) is defined as the structure providing the base which is predominantly supporting the OPTS.

1.10.52 Suspended basket is a containment for personnel which is raised and lowered by means of falls and a winch.

1.10.53 Target structure is the structure to which the OPTS supported by the mothership will be aiming at, touching on or be connected to in order to enable personnel to move safely between the mothership and the target unit.

1.10.54 Target unit is the floating or fixed installation to which or from which personnel are being transferred by means of the OPTS installed on the mothership.

1.10.55 Uniformly Distributed Load – Personnel (UDLP). The uniformly distributed load, UDLP, is related to the transfer of personnel and is specifically defined as the distributed load per area which comprises of the weight of the maximum possible number of personnel simultaneously and safely using the OPTS including applicable equipment.

1.10.56 Walkway is the means of providing support for personnel moving from one location to another on the OPTS.

1.11 Abbreviations

1.11.1 ASD

Allowable Stress Design

1.11.2 CLAME

Lloyd’s Register’s Code for Lifting Appliances in a Marine Environment

1.11.3 COPTS

Lloyd’s Register’s Code for Offshore Personnel Transfer Systems

1.11.4 DP

Dynamic Positioning

1.11.5 EMC

Electro Magnetic Compatibility

1.11.6 EN

European Norm (Standard)

1.11.7 FAT

Factory Acceptance Test

1.11.8 FMEA

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis

1.11.9 FMECA

Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis

1.11.10 HAZID

Hazard Identification

1.11.11 HAZOP

Hazard and Operability Study

1.11.12 HPU

Hydraulic Power Unit

1.11.13 IACS

International Association of Classification Societies

1.11.14 ILO

International Labour Organisation

1.11.15 IMO

International Maritime Organization

1.11.16 ISO

International Organisation for Standardisation

1.11.17 ITP

Inspection and Test Plan

1.11.18 LRFD

Load and Resistance Factor Design

1.11.19 MCS

Motion Compensation System

1.11.20 MDT

Minimum Design Temperature

1.11.21 NDE

Non-Destructive Examination

1.11.22 NDT

Non-Destructive Testing

1.11.23 OPTS

Offshore Personnel Transfer System

1.11.24 PWHT

Post Weld Heat Treatment

1.11.25 QM

Quality Management

1.11.26 RBC

Risk Based Certification

1.11.27 RMS

Root Mean Square

1.11.28 SAT

Site Acceptance Text

1.11.29 SF

Safety factor

1.11.30 SOLAS

International Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea

1.11.31 SWH

Significant wave height

1.11.32 SWL

Safe Working Load

1.11.33 UDL

Uniformly Distributed Load

1.11.34 WPS

Welding Procedure Specification

1.11.35 WPQ

Welder Performance Qualification

1.12 Information to be submitted

1.12.1 The plans and information listed in this sub-Section are required to be submitted by the manufacturer (or designer) to LR enabling the classification or certification of an OPTS.

1.12.2 General arrangement plan of the OPTS, including details of the integration with and location (as applicable) on the mothership including all interfaces.

1.12.3 General arrangement plan showing details of escape and access routes and arrangements.

1.12.4 Detailed specification of the OPTS and design basis of the OPTS including:
  1. general system description;
  2. system type of the OPTS (see Ch 1, 2.2 System types);
  3. access type of the OPTS (see Ch 1, 2.3 Access types) including number of persons simultaneously allowed on the gangway;
  4. details of the operating cycle and modes (stowage, pre-service, in-service, post-service and stowage) and associated loads and location of personnel and Operator;
  5. description and/or illustration of flow of transferring personnel using the OPTS;
  6. Safe Working Loads or Uniformly Distributed Loads applicable to the OPTS (see Ch 1, 3.3 Safe Working Load and Ch 1, 3.4 Uniformly Distributed Load);
  7. configurations and geometrical limitations of the OPTS;
  8. maximum movements, angles, speeds and accelerations of the OPTS (and associated significant wave heights as applicable);
  9. details of the connection and disconnection system;
  10. station keeping performance (e.g. system capability plot) of the Dynamic Positioning (DP) System or other station keeping systems and arrangements (all as applicable);
  11. details of the stowage arrangement;
  12. operational profile, load spectra and design lifetime of the OPTS;
  13. access arrangements;
  14. details of any special operational (e.g. cargo trolley or basket) or non-operational (e.g. alternative stowage position) modes not listed in (d);
  15. detailed description of the motion compensation method, concept and system; and
  16. minimum and maximum design and operating temperatures.

1.12.5 Risk assessment and safety concept documentation (see Ch 1, 10 Risk assessment).

1.12.6 Instructions for use including, but not limited to:
  1. detailed description and conditions of normal operation personnel transfer and required condition of the OPTS to enable safe operation;
  2. detailed conditions and limitations of operation, use, access, environment (e.g. significant wave heights, wind, etc.), configuration, geometry, mothership characteristics, etc. and related safety measures;
  3. description and requirements for the state and design of the target structure;
  4. detailed installation procedure (including any tests, inspections, verifications, etc.) of the OPTS on-board;
  5. details of the Operators required:
    • education and qualification
    • training
    • duties before, during and after operation;
  6. details of hazards to personnel within the operational area of the OPTS and on the OPTS;
  7. details of noise reduction measures;
  8. description and associated safety measures concerning limited or degraded operational modes;
  9. detailed description and conditions of pre- and post-operation measures (taking into service and taking out of service);
  10. maintenance requirements (including any testing requirements) in case no dedicated maintenance manual exists;
  11. communication requirements between:
    • Operator and personnel to be transferred
    • Operator and mothership
    • Operator and target unit;
  12. safe access; and
  13. emergency, safety, evacuation and contingency procedures.

1.12.7 Maintenance manual and system addressing regular and irregular maintenance.

1.12.8 Emergency situations manual, if not part of the instructions for use, containing details of the handling of such situations, including:
  1. general emergency operational procedures and contingency plans;
  2. early warning escalation in order to enable safe completion or abortion of a transfer cycle (see Ch 1, 9.4 Active systems (ST-A or ST-H) 9.4.7);
  3. emergency stop;
  4. emergency disconnection;
  5. failure or damage of actuating system (e.g. hydraulic oil leakage, electrical cable damage);
  6. fire within the OPTS and its components and systems;
  7. Operator unable to continue his duties (e.g. passing out);
  8. mothership or target unit positioning system failure (e.g. DP failure);
  9. motion compensation system (or part of the system) degrading or degraded;
  10. overloading of the system (e.g. excessive number of personnel and/or equipment present on the gangway or in the personnel or cargo basket); and
  11. other emergency situations.

1.12.9 Calculations (or equivalent) clearly indicating the basis of design, operating criteria, dynamic loads, SWLs, UDLs, mothership accelerations and inclinations, wind loads, weights and centres of gravity of the OPTS parts, and relevant National or International Standards applied (see Ch 1, 3 Loads and factors and Ch 1, 4 Load cases and load combinations).

1.12.10 Scantlings, weld details, NDE and assembly plans of all critical and primary structural items comprising the OPTS, including the gangway/containment, base frame (supporting the gangway/containment), slewing ring, pedestals and stowage arrangements (all as applicable). Pedestals or foundation that are welded to the hull structure of the mothership are a classification item where the mothership is classed with LR. Classification item, in this context, means that the pedestals or foundation are subjected to the classification procedures regardless of whether the OPTS is subject to certification or classification, see Figure 1.1.2 Classification items and applicability of LR’s requirements for OPTS pedestals and foundations.

Figure 1.1.2 Classification items and applicability of LR’s requirements for OPTS pedestals and foundations

1.12.11 Specification of the materials applied in the main structural components including the pedestals/foundation.

1.12.12 Scantling plans and details of hydraulic cylinders. See Ch 1, 3.6 Hydraulic cylinders of the Code for Lifting Appliances in a Marine Environment, July 2022.

1.12.13 Details of sheaves, axles, pivot pins, wheels, slewing ring, slewing ring bolts, and other or similar items.

1.12.14 Details of blocks, chains, shackles, hooks and other loose gear items, indicating material, Safe Working Load (SWL), proof loads (PL) and the standard to which they have been manufactured.

1.12.15 The size, construction, finish and certified breaking loads of steel wire ropes and fibre ropes.

1.12.16 Information is to be provided on whether a particular component or structure is categorised as critical, primary or secondary structure (see Ch 1, 1.10 Terms and definitions 1.10.40, Ch 1, 1.10 Terms and definitions 1.10.49 and Ch 1, 1.10 Terms and definitions 1.10.39).

1.12.17 Plans and calculations of machinery items, such as winch gearing, shafts, clutches, brakes, coupling bolts, welded drums, winch frame and similar items and their materials and stresses. In case the items are type approved by LR, the type approval certificates and supporting information are to be submitted for consideration in order to verify whether the actual OPTS design is compatible with the item and the related type approval.

1.12.18 Description of operation with explanatory diagrams of the motion compensation system including details of operating medium, i.e. pneumatic, hydraulic or electric schematics, including power packs and standby sources of power.

1.12.19 Inspection and Test Plan (ITP), including:
  1. inspection/survey plan;
  2. Factory Acceptance Test (FAT), including operational tests;
  3. pre-commissioning and commissioning procedures;
  4. on-board testing (or Site Acceptance Test (SAT)); and
  5. on-board overload and functional testing.

1.12.20 Plans of the circuit diagram of the electrical system, showing load currents and ratings of all electrical equipment, types and sizes of cables, rating type and make of all protecting devices.

1.12.21 Arrangement plan and circuit diagram of switchboard.

1.12.22 General arrangement of control stations (e.g. panels, consoles, cabins) and their locations and details of controls and displays.

1.12.23 Schematic diagrams of control circuits and panels, interlocks and alarm systems.

1.12.24 Details of the control, alarm and safety concept including:
  1. The overall system operational concept including a description of the intended operation of the control, alarm and safety systems. The description shall include a demonstration that the design provides an effective means of operation and control for all operating conditions.
  2. Details of alarms and warnings including intended Operator response and the message to be presented.
  3. Line diagrams of control circuits.
  4. Details of safety functions and devices (including securing and latching arrangements) and of any overrides, including consequences of use.
  5. List of monitored points.
  6. List of control points.
  7. Limit switches.
  8. Monitoring systems.
  9. Interface connections.
  10. Automatic safety systems and load limiting systems (if any) including certification details.
  11. Test schedules (for both works testing and trials) which should include methods of testing and test facilities provided.
  12. Where the design includes programmable electronic systems, the documentation listed in Pt 6, Ch 1, 1.2 Documentation required for design review 1.2.6 of the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships, July 2022.

See Ch 1, 3.7 Mechanical, electrical and control aspects of the Code for Lifting Appliances in a Marine Environment, July 2022.

1.12.25 In addition, the following information is required for reference purposes: calculations of short-circuit currents and main bus-bars, sub-switchboard bus-bars and the secondary side of transformers.

1.12.26 The following information concerning the corrosion protection system shall be submitted, as a minimum:
  1. evidence that any primers used will have no deleterious effect on subsequent welding or on subsequent coatings;
  2. details of the painting specification with regard to:
    1. the generic type of the coating and confirmation of its suitability for the intended environment;
    2. the methods to be used to prepare the surface before the coating is applied and the standard to be achieved. Reference should be made to established International or National Standards;
    3. the method of application of the coating; and
    4. the number of coats to be applied and the total dry film thickness;
  3. details of the areas to be coated;
  4. details of other means of corrosion protection (e.g. suitable material selection, galvanisation, cathodic protection), see Ch 1, 12.6 Fabrication 12.6.10; and
  5. Inspection and Testing Plan (ITP).

1.12.27 Information about the type of consideration and the possible review or appraisal status codes of the submitted documents are provided in Table 1.1.2 Type of consideration and review/appraisal status.

Table 1.1.2 Type of consideration and review/appraisal status

Document to be submitted Reference Type of consideration and possible review/appraisal status
Basic and general information
General arrangement plans See Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.2 and Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.3 Noted
Specification and design basis of the OPTS See Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.4 Noted
Risk assessment and safety concept See Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.5 Noted
Instructions for use See Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.6 Noted
Maintenance manual and system See Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.7 Noted
Emergency situations manual See Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.8 Noted
Calculations See Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.9 Noted
Structural components related information
Scantlings of all main structural items See Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.10 Approved
Specification of the materials See Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.11 Approved
Scantling plans and details of hydraulic cylinders See Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.12 Approved
Sheaves, axles, pivot pins, wheels, slewing ring, slewing ring bolts, etc. See Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.13 Approved
Items of loose gear See Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.14 Approved
Steel wire ropes and fibre ropes See Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.15 Approved
Indication of critical, primary or secondary structure See Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.16 Approved
Machinery related information
Machinery items See Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.17 Approved
Description of operation See Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.18 Noted
Survey related information
Inspection and Test Plan (ITP) See Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.19 Agreed

(Notes 1 and 2)

Electrotechnical systems related information
Plans of the circuit diagram of the electrical system (incl. switchboard) See Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.20 and Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.21 Approved
General arrangement of control stations See Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.22 Noted
Schematic diagrams of control circuits and panels, interlocks and alarm systems See Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.23 Approved
Control, alarm and safety concept See Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.24 Approved
Calculations of short-circuit currents and main bus-bars, sub-switchboard bus-bars and the secondary side of transformers See Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.25 Noted
Miscellaneous information
Corrosion protection system See Ch 1, 1.12 Information to be submitted 1.12.26 Agreed

(Note 3)

Note 1: To be agreed between the designer/manufacturer and the attending LR Surveyor.
Note 2: The test procedure and test loads are to be submitted to the responsible LR plan appraisal office for approval.
Note 3: To be agreed between the designer/manufacturer and the LR Surveyor.

Copyright 2022 Clasifications Register Group Limited, International Maritime Organization, International Labour Organization or Maritime and Coastguard Agency. All rights reserved. Clasifications Register Group Limited, its affiliates and subsidiaries and their respective officers, employees or agents are, individually and collectively, referred to in this clause as 'Clasifications Register'. Clasifications Register assumes no responsibility and shall not be liable to any person for any loss, damage or expense caused by reliance on the information or advice in this document or howsoever provided, unless that person has signed a contract with the relevant Clasifications Register entity for the provision of this information or advice and in that case any responsibility or liability is exclusively on the terms and conditions set out in that contract.