Section
2 Special features
2.1 Water jet propulsion systems - Construction
2.1.1 The requirements
for the construction and installation of water jet units apply irrespective
of rated power.
2.1.2 Water jet
ducts may be fabricated as an integral part of the hull structure,
or as a bolted-in unit. In either case, detailed plans indicating
dimensions, scantlings and materials of construction of the following
are to be submitted in triplicate:
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Arrangement of the
system including intended method of attachment to the hull and building-in,
geometry of tunnel, shell opening, method of stiffening, reinforcement,
etc.
-
Shaft sealing arrangements.
-
Details of any shafting
support or guide vanes used in the water jet system.
-
Details and arrangements
of inspection ports, their closing appliances and sealing arrangement,
etc.
-
Details and arrangements
of protection gratings and their attachments.
2.1.5 Aluminium
alloys are to be of suitable marine grades in accordance with the
requirements of Pt 7, Ch 2, 2 Materials.
2.1.6 Irrespective
of the material used, the strength and supporting structure of all
tunnels are to be examined by direct calculation procedures which
are to be submitted. In no case are the scantlings to be taken as
less than the Rule requirements for the surrounding structure. The
strength of the hull structure in way of tunnels is to be maintained.
The structure is to be adequately reinforced and compensated as necessary.
All openings are to be suitably reinforced and have radiused corners.
2.1.7 Consideration
is to be given to providing the inlet to the tunnel with a suitable
guard to prevent the ingress of large objects into the rotodynamic
machinery. The dimensions of the guard are to strike a balance between
undue efficiency loss due to flow restriction and viscous losses,
the size of object allowed to pass and susceptibility to clog with
weed and other flow restricting matter.
2.1.8 The inlet
profile of the tunnel is to be so designed as to provide a smooth
uptake of water over the range of craft operating trims and avoid
significant separation of the flow into the rotating machinery.
2.1.9 Single
or multiple water jet unit installations having a total rated power
in excess of 500kW are to be contained within their own watertight
compartment. Other arrangements for maintaining watertight integrity
may be specially considered depending on the size and installation
layout.
2.2 Water jet propulsion systems - Installation
2.2.3 Where load
is transmitted into the transom and/or bottom shell, the thickness
of the plating adjacent to the jet unit is to be increased. The increase
in thickness is to be not less than 50 per cent of the calculated
transom and bottom plating thicknesses respectively or 8 mm, whichever
is the greater. Such reinforcement is to extend beyond the surrounding
stiffening structure.
2.2.4 For `bolted
in' units, hull receiving rings are to be of a material compatible
with the hull. Scantlings of the receiving rings are to be as required
by the jet unit manufacturer and suitably edge prepared prior to welding
in place. The receiving ring is to be installed using an approved
welding procedure. Where a manufacturer's specification is not provided,
full details are to be submitted.
2.2.5 Bolt sizes
and spacings are to be specified by the manufacturer, and are to be
of suitable marine grade, insulated as appropriate and locked by suitable
means.
2.2.6 Where studs
are proposed for the receiving ring(s), the remaining thickness below
the depth of blind tap is to be not less than the bottom shell plating
thickness plus 2 mm. Bottoms of all blind taps are to be free of sharp
corners.
2.2.7 The use
of approved alignment resins may be considered where accurate seating
and faying surfaces are required. Details are to be submitted for
consideration and approval.
2.2.8 Where a
water jet unit forms an integral part of the hull structure, such
units are to be installed using an approved weld procedure and in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Materials to be welded
are to be of compatible specifications.
2.2.9 Water jet
units transmitting thrust into the transom structure are to be supported
by a system of radial, athwartship and vertical stiffening. Drawings
are to be accompanied by a set of detailed structural calculations.
Where complex installations are proposed, a finite element model may
be submitted in lieu of direct calculations.
2.2.10 Water
jet units transmitting thrust to a bottom shell connection or intermediate
tunnel connection are to be supported by additional stiffening, the
details of which are to be submitted.
2.3 Foil support arrangements
2.3.1 The materials
and construction of the lifting surface will be considered on a case
by case basis.
2.3.2 The design
and performance of the lifting surface is outside the scope of classification.
However, when submitting structural plans for the hull connection
installation, the designer/Builder is to define:
-
Operating mode, i.e.
fully submerged or surface piercing.
-
Maximum operational
speed for which approval is sought.
-
Maximum, direct,
bending, shear and torque loads generated by the foil at the point
of attachment(s).
-
The type of profile
or section used, e.g. N.A.C.A.
-
Supply of lift/drag
profile.
-
If the foil is fixed,
movable or retractable.
-
If the foil is fitted
with control surfaces.
-
If the vertical leg(s)
act as a rudder(s).
-
If shaft liners are
carried to the foils at which support arrangements are provided.
-
If water intakes/scoops
are fitted.
-
If propulsion units
are fitted.
2.3.3 The scantlings
and arrangements of foils and their supporting structure will require
to be specially considered in the following cases where:
-
Propulsion units
are incorporated within the foil.
-
Foils carry shaft
support arrangements.
-
The foils are of
novel design.
2.3.4 Where fully
submerged foils are `built-in' to the hull, the attachment area is
to be contained within a watertight compartment and the structural
arrangements of Pt 7, Ch 5, 2.4 Surface drive mountings are to be complied
with as appropriate.
2.3.5 Where foils
are to be bolted to the structural foundation calculations are to
be submitted to demonstrate that the effect of loading arising from
high speed impact, grounding, fouling, etc. is limited to failure
of the bolted connection. In all cases the structural and watertight
integrity of the craft is to be maintained.
2.3.6 Attachment
points of foils are to be contained within a watertight compartment.
2.3.10 Hydraulically
operated retracting systems are to be equipped with low pressure and
are to include a manual system of operation in the event of system
failure.
2.3.11 A mechanical
locking system is to be provided on retracting systems when the system
is in both the operational and `stowed' conditions.
2.4 Surface drive mountings
2.4.1 Transoms
through which surface drive systems pass and which are required to
carry thrust, significant weight, torque, moment, etc. are to be adequately
reinforced.
2.4.2 The thickness
of transom plating in way is to be not less than 1,5 times the thickness
of the adjacent plating or as advised by the drive manufacturer, whichever
is the greater.
2.4.3 Steering
rams are to be mounted on suitably reinforced areas of plating supported
by additional internal stiffening, details of which are to be submitted
for consideration.
2.5 Sea inlet scoops
2.5.1 Sea inlet
scoops may be integral with or an appendage to the hull.
2.5.2 Scoops
are to be suitably positioned to minimise ventilation.
2.5.3 Suitable
protective arrangements are to be provided to minimise the ingress
of debris. The net area through the proposed arrangement is to be
not less than twice that of the valves connected to the scoop. Provision
is to be made for clearing the scoops by the use of suitable means
and proposals are to be submitted.
2.5.4 Scoops
are to be contained within a watertight compartment.
2.5.5 The plating
thickness in way of integral scoops is to be not less than 1,5 times
the thickness of the adjacent shell plating, with additional reinforcement
at the leading edge.
2.5.6 For craft
navigating in ice, the arrangements will be specially considered on
an individual basis.
2.6 Lifting appliances and associated support
arrangements
2.6.3 Lifting appliance pedestals and foundations that are welded to the
supporting hull structures are classification items, and the scantlings and arrangements
are to comply with LR's requirements whether or not LR is also requested to certify or
class the lifting appliance and issue the Register of Ship’s Lifting Appliances and
Cargo Handling Gear, see
Figure 5.2.1 Classification items and
applicability of LR’s requirements for lifting appliance pedestals and
foundations.
Figure 5.2.1 Classification items and
applicability of LR’s requirements for lifting appliance pedestals and
foundations
2.6.5 Stowage arrangements are to be taken into account when calculating the
loads applied to the pedestal.
2.6.7 Lifting appliance pedestals and foundations are to be efficiently supported
and, in general, are to be carried through the deck and satisfactorily integrated into
the surrounding structure. Alternatively, lifting appliance pedestals and foundations
may be carried into a supporting structure of adequate strength, see
Pt 7, Ch 5, 2.6 Lifting appliances and associated support arrangements 2.6.9. Proposals for other support arrangements will be specially
considered.
2.6.9 The factored forces and moments resulting from aninstalled lifting appliance
are to be taken into consideration on the basis of LR’s Code for Lifting Appliances in a Marine Environment, July 2022 when
assessing the support arrangements, including the deck plating and underdeck stiffening
in way of the lifting appliance pedestal and foundation. The global hull girder stresses
are to be taken into account where applicable, with due consideration given to the
material grade, see also
Pt 7, Ch 6 Hull Girder Strength.
2.6.10 Insert plates are to be incorporated in the deck plating in way of lifting
appliance foundations. The thickness of the insert plates is to be as required by the
designer's calculations but is in no case is to be taken as less than 1,5 times the
thickness of the adjacent attached plating.
2.6.11 All inserts are to have well radiused corners and be suitably edge prepared
prior to welding. All welding in way is to be double continuous and full penetration
where necessary. Tapers are to be not less than three to one.
2.7 Skirt attachment
2.7.1 The design
and scantlings of the skirt are outside the scope of classification,
however the designer/builders are to submit their proposals in respect
of the attachment detail. The following supporting information is
to be submitted:
-
cushion pressure,
-
calculations demonstrating
that the effect of damage to the flexible membrane and/or the retaining
section arising from high speed impact, grounding, fouling, etc. will
not compromise the structural and watertight integrity of the craft.
2.7.2 The skirt
is to be securely attached around its periphery and is to be suitably
reinforced by the use of backing plates.
2.7.3 Where the
skirt is retained by bolting the retaining bars are to be as long
as practicable with a fastener spacing of not more than 50 mm.
2.7.4 Where the
design of the skirt is such that the flexible edge is retained by
the use of a pre-formed channel, only the bolted hull connection of
the preform to the hull structure is considered.
2.8 Trim tab arrangements
2.8.1 The shape,
design and scantlings of the trim tabs are outside the scope of classification,
however Clasifications Register (hereinafter referred to as 'LR') is concerned
with their attachment to the hull structure.
2.8.2 The designer/Builder
is to submit the following :
-
Detailed calculations
indicating the maximum lift force generated by the tab for which acceptance
is sought together with the corresponding speed and displacement.
-
Details and calculations
of the hull attachment.
-
Details and calculations
of the local internal reinforcement in way of the attachment.
2.8.3 Bearing
materials used are to be of an approved type.
2.8.4 Fully submerged
retractable trim tabs will be specially considered on a case by case
basis.
2.9 Spray rails
2.9.1 Spray rails
may be integrated into the hull structure or added in the form of
an appendage on completion of the hull shell.
2.9.2 Where spray
rails are integrated, they are to have a plating thickness not less
than the adjacent bottom shell and additionally have a section modulus
and inertia equivalent to that required for a longitudinal stiffener
in the same position.
2.9.3 Where spray
rails are added as an appendage, they are to be attached by double
continuous welding and are additionally to comply with the strength
requirements of Pt 7, Ch 5, 2.9 Spray rails 2.9.2.
2.9.4 Spray rails
are to be supported by the internal stiffening arrangements and by
additional local reinforcement as necessary.
2.9.5 In no case
are the toes of spray rails to terminate on unsupported plating.
2.10 Other lifting surfaces
2.10.1 Other
lifting surfaces not specifically covered by the Rules will be individually
considered on the basis of submitted direct calculations.
2.10.2 Structure
or hull shapes above the running waterline designed to generate aerodynamic
lift may be individually considered on a case by case basis
2.10.3 Aerodynamic,
hydrodynamic and aero-hydrodynamic stability are outside the scope
of classification and are subject to the approval of the National
Administration concerned.
2.11 Propeller ducting
2.11.1 Where
propellers are fitted within ducts/tunnels the plating thickness in
way of the blades is to be increased by 50 per cent.
2.11.2 The tunnel
wall in way of the propeller blades is to be additionally stiffened.
2.12 Ride control ducting and installation for Surface Effect Ships
(SES)
2.12.1 Ducts
penetrating the side inboard shell plating are to comply with the
scantling requirements for side inboard structures, over their entire
length in the appropriate material.
2.12.2 Ducts
penetrating the wet deck are to comply with the scantling requirements
for wet deck structures over their entire length in the appropriate
material.
2.12.3 Open
ends of ducts are to be fitted with a suitable protective grille.
2.12.4 The vent
assembly, its design, construction and operation are outside the scope
of classification and is the responsibility of the ride control system
designer.
2.12.5 Details
of the installation and securing arrangements of the vent valve assembly
into the duct are to be submitted for approval.
2.13 Ramp supporting structure
2.13.3 Loads already existing in the supporting structure (other than those from the ramp)
are to be superimposed if applicable.
2.13.4 Ramps forming part of the watertight integrity of the hull are also to be assessed in
accordance with the applicable scantling requirements.
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