2.1.1 Traditionally, vapour release from crude
oil tankers occurs on three discrete occasions, they being: during
loading, during the loaded voyage to the discharge port, and during
the ballasting of cargo tanks at the discharge port.
2.1.2 Since the introduction of the International
Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships together with
its Protocol in 1978 (MARPOL), tankers built after 1 June 1982 (regulation 18), termed MARPOL tankers,
are all designed with the required totally segregated (designated)
ballast tanks. With these regulations in force, cargo tanks are never
used for the loading of ballast, except on very rare occasions for
bad weather purposes where one of the Crude Oil Washed cargo tanks
is dedicated to take in ballast water. Therefore, the displacement
of vapour from the relevant crude oil cargo tank at the discharge
port has ceased to occur for the MARPOL compliant type tankers. Given
this situation then, only two occasions remain where vapour emissions
from crude oil tankers generally occur, namely on loading and during
the transportation of the cargo.