4.1.1 The objective of the tests addressed
                           in this chapter is the determination of Φ1
                               (paragraph
                           3.2.2.3 of the Code). The “angle of roll to windward due to
                           wave action” Φ1
                               is defined, according
                           to weather criterion, as follows:
                           
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        where Φ1r
                               is “regular
                           waves roll-back angle”, that is the resonant roll amplitude
                           in beam regular waves (heading 90°) having steepness defined in
                           the following sections. The reduction factor 0.7 takes into account
                           the actual irregular nature of the sea.
                           
                        
                        
                        
                      
                     
                     
                     
                        
                        
                         
                           4.1.2 The standard procedure for the
                           determination of Φ1r
                               is that by means
                           of tests in regular waves. The use of alternative procedures is permitted.
                           Sufficient justification should be provided to the Administration
                           regarding the selected procedure.
                           
                        
                        
                        
                      
                     
                     
                     
                        
                        
                         
                           4.1.3 As a reference in selecting the more suitable
                           procedure it should be noted that:
                        
                        
                        
                        
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                                 .1 The direct measurement of Φ1r
                                     (see
                                 paragraph 4.5) can lead to the need of generating very steep waves
                                 close to the breaking limit if the ship roll period is very short
                                 (see table 4.5.1). Generation of waves with such steepness and sufficient
                                 quality can be sometimes difficult due to breaking close to the wavemaker.
                                 In addition, in carrying out roll tests, care should be taken during
                                 the transient ship behaviour before steady state is reached, because
                                 possible large heeling angles (sometimes eventually leading to capsize)
                                 can occur. It should be underlined that Φ1r
                                     is
                                 the steady state maximum roll angle, for this reason capsize during
                                 initial transient phase of the test does not necessarily lead to not
                                 fulfilment of the criterion. It should be underlined that the methodology
                                 does not allow for corrections for scale effects on roll damping,
                                 and for this reason large models should be preferred when direct measurements
                                 are carried out.
                                 
                              
                              
                              
                            
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                                 .2 The there-step procedure (see paragraph 4.6.1)
                                 is the simplest among the two proposed alternative procedures. This
                                 method was adopted when original weather criterion was developed.
                                 The procedure is sensitive to the quality of execution and analysis
                                 of roll decay tests. The procedure allows to execute tests for the
                                 determination of the effective wave slope coefficient r,
                                 with reasonably small steepnesses, leading to rather simple tests.
                                 The methodology allows, in principle, corrections for scale effects
                                 on roll damping.
                                 
                              
                              
                              
                            
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                                 .3 The parameter identification technique (PIT)
                                 (see paragraph 4.6.2) is a procedure with a large degree of flexibility,
                                 that allows to take into account nonlinearities of both damping and
                                 restoring, and that provides means for allowing frequency dependence
                                 of the "effective wave slope function". The methodology allows, in
                                 principle, corrections for scale effects on roll damping. When used
                                 with only one series of tests for one single wave steepness, the number
                                 of free parameters should be reduced to guarantee robustness of the
                                 methodology. The method can take great advantages (regarding robustness
                                 and accuracy) from the execution of more than one series of tests
                                 at different wave steepness: for this reason the use of at least two
                                 different wave steepnesses is strongly recommended. To guarantee correct
                                 application of the method, a sufficient basic training of personnel
                                 on the theoretical background on which the method is based is needed.