Introduction

 Any required training shall be supervised instruction, conducted in a shore-based facility or aboard a suitably equipped ship having training facilities and instructors for this purpose, dealing with the principles involved and the application of these principles to ship operation.

 In drawing up an Administration-approved syllabus of training, the revised Specifications for the Design, Operation and Control of Crude Oil Washing Systems of tankers shall be taken into account.

Such training shall include but not necessarily be limited to:

  (a) An introduction to the principles of crude oil washing which shall include:

• the characteristics of crude oil as a washing fluid and its contrast with water washing;
• top washing;
• bottom washing;
• trim requirements;
• methods of bleeding off from the cargo discharge;
• maintenance of required washing fluid pressure;
• washing at sea between discharge ports;
• recirculatory washing;
• relative priorities and requirements for the departure ballast tanks, arrival ballast tanks and cargo only tanks.

  (b) Equipment and design

• (i) location of washing machines;

• (ii) washing machines, deck mounted and submerged:

  • types;
  • characteristics;
  • features of construction;
  • operating parameters;

• (iii) drive units;

• (iv) washing fluid supply and distribution systems;

• (v) stripping systems;

• (vi) means of sounding tanks;

• (vii) inert gas requirements.

  (c) Generalized crude oil washing procedures

• (i) traditional pipeline ship/free flow ship/partial free flow ship;

• (ii) single/multi parcel cargoes;

• (iii) optimization of washing procedure in order to minimize extra berth time;

• (iv) ballasting for departure with various ship and pipeline configurations;

• (v) procedure for washing at sea between discharge ports.

  (d) Associated procedure

• (i) means for minimizing residues on board

  • stripping of cargo tanks;
  • draining and stripping of cargo lines;
  • final discharge of cargo ashore;

• (ii) water rinsing of arrival ballast tanks;

• (iii) filling and ultimate discharge of arrival ballast;

• (iv) discharge of departure ballast;

• (v) build-up and decanting of residues in slop tank;

• (vi) requirements of Regulation 9 of Annex I of MARPOL 73/78;

• (vii) avoidance of venting in port during ballasting operations.

  (e) Safety

• (i) inert gas procedure;

• (ii) maintenance and monitoring of inert gas quality and pressure;

• (iii) stopping of washing/discharge under abnormal inert gas conditions;

• (iv) electrostatic generation and the precautions required to avoid it;

• (v) pipework integrity;

• (vi) avoidance of surge pressures;

• (vii) spillage.

  (f) Checklists

• (i) before entering port;

• (ii) before commencing crude oil washing;

• (iii) after crude oil washing;

• (iv) after sailing.

  (g) Regulatory enforcement procedures

• (i) Operations and Equipment Manual;

• (ii) Oil Record Book;

• (iii) sounding of tanks;

• (iv) measurement of oil on surface of departure ballast.

  (h) Maintenance of plant and equipment

• (i) maintenance of equipment in accordance with manufacturers' instructions;

• (ii) additional maintenance items.

 Administrations shall ensure that the training facility issues an appropriate document to those qualified in accordance with this Appendix to serve as officers primarily responsible for crude oil washing.