8.1.1 Life-saving appliances and arrangements
                           shall enable abandonment of the craft in accordance with the requirements
                           of 4.7 and 4.8.
                           
                        
                        
                        
                      
                     
                     
                     
                        
                        
                         
                           8.1.2 Except where otherwise provided in this
                           Code, the life-saving appliances and arrangements required by this
                           chapter shall meet the detailed specifications set out in chapter III of the Convention and the LSA Code and be approved by the Administration.
                           
                        
                        
                        
                      
                     
                     
                     
                        
                        
                         
                           8.1.3 Before giving approval to life-saving appliances
                           and arrangements, the Administration shall ensure that such life-saving
                           appliances and arrangements:
                        
                        
                        
                        
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                                 .1 are tested to confirm that they comply with
                                 the requirements of this chapter, in accordance with the recommendations
                                 of the Organization;footnoteor
                                 
                               
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                                 .2 have successfully undergone, to the satisfaction
                                 of the Administration, tests which are substantially equivalent to
                                 those specified in those recommendations.
                               
 
                     
                     
                     
                        
                        
                         
                           8.1.4 Before giving approval to novel life-saving
                           appliances or arrangements, the Administration shall ensure that such
                           appliances or arrangements:
                        
                        
                        
                        
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                                 .1 provide safety standards at least equivalent
                                 to the requirements of this chapter and have been evaluated and tested
                                 in accordance with the recommendations of the Organization;footnoteor
                                 
                               
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                                 .2 have successfully undergone, to the satisfaction
                                 of the Administration, evaluation and tests which are substantially
                                 equivalent to those recommendations.
                               
 
                     
                     
                     
                        
                        
                         
                           8.1.5 Before accepting life-saving appliances
                           and arrangements that have not been previously approved by the Administration,
                           the Administration shall be satisfied that life-saving appliances
                           and arrangements comply with the requirements of this chapter.
                        
                        
                        
                      
                     
                     
                     
                        
                        
                         
                           8.1.6 Except where otherwise provided in this
                           Code, life-saving appliances required by this chapter for which detailed
                           specifications are not included in the LSA Code shall be to the satisfaction
                           of the Administration.
                        
                        
                        
                      
                     
                     
                     
                        
                        
                         
                           8.1.7 The Administration shall require life-saving
                           appliances to be subjected to such production tests as are necessary
                           to ensure that the life-saving appliances are manufactured to the
                           same standard as the approved prototype.
                        
                        
                        
                      
                     
                     
                     
                        
                        
                         
                           8.1.8 Procedures adopted by the Administration
                           for approval shall also include the conditions whereby approval would
                           continue or would be withdrawn.
                        
                        
                        
                      
                     
                     
                     
                        
                        
                         
                           8.1.9 The Administration shall determine the period
                           of acceptability of life-saving appliances which are subject to deterioration
                           with age. Such life-saving appliances shall be marked with a means
                           for determining their age or the date by which they shall be replaced.
                        
                        
                        
                      
                     
                     
                     
                        
                        
                         
                           8.1.10 For the purposes of this chapter, unless
                           expressly provided otherwise:
                        
                        
                        
                        
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                                 .1 
                                 Detection is the determination
                                 of the location of survivors or survival craft.
                                 
                               
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                                 .2 
                                 Embarkation ladder is the ladder
                                 provided at survival craft embarkation stations to permit safe access
                                 to survival craft after launching.
                                 
                               
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                                 .3 
                                 Embarkation station is the place
                                 from which a survival craft is boarded. An embarkation station may
                                 also serve as an assembly station, provided there is sufficient room,
                                 and the assembly station activities can safely take place there.
                                 
                               
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                                 .4 
                                 Float-free launching is that method
                                 of launching a survival craft whereby the craft is automatically released
                                 from a sinking craft and is ready for use.
                                 
                               
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                                 .5 
                                 Free-fall launching is that method
                                 of launching a survival craft whereby the craft with its complement
                                 of persons and equipment on board is released and allowed to fall
                                 into the sea without any restraining apparatus.
                                 
                               
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                                 .6 
                                 Immersion suit is a protective
                                 suit which reduces the body heat-loss of a person wearing it in cold
                                 water.
                                 
                               
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                                 .7 
                                 Inflatable appliance is an appliance
                                 which depends upon non-rigid, gas-filled chambers for buoyancy and
                                 which is normally kept uninflated until ready for use.
                                 
                               
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                                 .8 
                                 Inflated appliance is an appliance
                                 which depends upon non-rigid, gas-filled chambers for buoyancy and
                                 which is normally kept inflated and ready for use at all times.
                                 
                               
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                                 .9 
                                 Launching appliance or arrangement is
                                 a means of transferring a survival craft or rescue boat from its stowed
                                 position safely to the water.
                                 
                               
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                                 .10 
                                 Marine evacuation system (MES) is
                                 an appliance designed to rapidly transfer a large number of persons
                                 from an embarkation station by means of a passage to a floating platform
                                 for subsequent embarkation into associated survival craft or directly
                                 into associated survival craft.footnote
                                 
                               
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                                 .11 
                                 Novel life-saving appliance or arrangement is
                                 a life-saving appliance or arrangement which embodies new features
                                 not fully covered by the provisions of this chapter but which provides
                                 an equal or higher standard of safety.
                                 
                               
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                                 .12 
                                 Rescue boat is a boat designed
                                 to assist and rescue persons in distress and to marshal survival craft.
                                 
                               
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                                 .13 
                                 Retrieval is the safe recovery
                                 of survivors.
                                 
                               
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                                 .14 
                                 Retro-reflective material is
                                 a material which reflects in the opposite direction a beam of light
                                 directed on it.
                                 
                               
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                                 .15 
                                 Survival craft is a craft capable
                                 of sustaining the lives of persons in distress from the time of abandoning
                                 the craft.
                                 
                               
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                                 .16 
                                 Thermal protective aid is a bag
                                 or suit of waterproof material with low thermal conductance.