3 Recommended values of the parameters

3.5 It is expected that all data provided in paragraphs 3.2 and 3.3 will be updated when more appropriate data and results become available.

3.1 Category GEOMETRICAL

3.1.1 General. The evacuation analysis specified in this annex is aimed at measuring the performance of the ship in reproducing benchmark scenarios rather than simulating an actual emergency situation. Four benchmark cases should be considered, namely cases 1, 2, 3 and 4 (refer to paragraph 4 for detailed specifications) corresponding to primary evacuation cases (cases 1 and 2, where all the escape routes should be assumed to be in operation) and secondary evacuation cases (cases 3 and 4, where some of the escape route should be assumed to be unavailable).

3.1.2 Layout of escape routes - primary evacuation cases (case 1 and case 2): Passengers and crew should be assumed to proceed along the primary escape routes and to know their ways up to the assembly stations; to this effect, signage, low-location lighting, crew training and other relevant aspects connected with the evacuation system design and operation should be assumed to be in compliance with the requirements set out in IMO instruments.

3.1.3 Layout of escape routes – secondary evacuation cases (case 3 and case 4): Those passengers and crew who were previously assigned to the now unavailable primary escape route should be assumed to proceed along the escape routes determined by the ship designer.

3.1.4 Initial passenger and crew distribution condition. The occupant distribution should be based upon the cases defined in chapter 13 of the FSS Code, as outlined in 4.

3.2 Category POPULATION

3.2.1 This describes the make-up of the population in terms of age, gender, physical attributes and response times. The population is identical for all scenarios with the exception of the response time and passenger initial locations. The population is made of the following mix:

Population's composition (age and gender)

Population groups - passengers	Percentage of passengers (%)
Females younger than 30 years	7
Females 30-50 years old	7
Females older than 50 years	16
Females older than 50, mobility impaired (1)	10
Females older than 50, mobility impaired (2)	10
Males younger than 30 years	7
Males 30-50 years old	7
Males older than 50 years	16
Males older than 50, mobility impaired (1)	10
Males older than 50, mobility impaired (2)	10
*Population groups – crew*	Percentage of crew (%)
Crew females	50
Crew males	50

All of the attributes associated with this population distribution should consist of a statistical distribution within a fixed range of values. The range is specified between a minimum and maximum value with a uniform random distribution.

3.2.2 Response time

The response time distributions for the benchmark scenarios should be truncated logarithmic normal distributions^footnote as follows:

For Case 1 and Case 3 (Night Cases):

400 < x < 700

For Case 2 and Case 4 (Day Cases):

0 < x < 300

where, x is the response time in seconds and y is the probability density at response time x.

3.2.3 Unhindered travel speeds on flat terrain (e.g., corridors)

The maximum unhindered travel speeds to be used are those derived from data published by Ando^footnote which provides male and female walk rates as a function of age. These are distributed according to figure 3.1 and represented by approximate piecewise functions shown in table 3.3.

Walking speeds as a function of age and gender

Regression formulation for mean travel speed values ^footnote

Gender	Age (years)	Speed (m/s)
Female	2 - 8.3	0.06 * age + 0.5
	8.3 - 13.3	0.04 * age + 0.67
	13.3 - 22.25	0.02 * age + 0.94
	22.25 - 37.5	-0.018 * age + 1.78
	37.5 - 70	-0.01 * age + 1.45
Male	2 - 5	0.16 * age + 0.3
	5 - 12.5	0.06 * age + 0.8
	12.5 - 18.8	0.008 * age + 1.45
	18.8 - 39.2	-0.01 * age + 1.78
	39.2 - 70	-0.009 * age + 1.75

For each and gender group specified in table 3.1, the walking speed should be modelled as a statistical uniform distribution having minimum and maximum values as follows:

Walking speed on flat terrain (e.g., corridors)

Population groups - passenger	Walking speed on flat terrain (e.g., corridors)
Population groups - passenger	Minimum (m/s)	Maximum (m/s)
Females younger than 30 years	0.93	1.55
Females 30-50 years old	0.71	1.19
Females older than 50 years	0.56	0.94
Females older than 50, mobility impaired (1)	0.43	0.71
Females older than 50, mobility impaired (2)	0.37	0.61
Males younger than 30 years	1.11	1.85
Males 30-50 years old	0.97	1.62
Males older than 50 years	0.84	1.4
Males older than 50, mobility impaired (1)	0.64	1.06
Males older than 50, mobility impaired (2)	0.55	0.91
Population groups – crew	Walking speed on flat terrain (e.g., corridors)
Population groups – crew	Minimum (m/s)	Maximum (m/s)
Crew females	0.93	1.55
Crew males	1.11	1.85

3.2.4 Unhindered stair speeds ^footnote

Speeds are given on the base of gender, age and travel direction (up and down). The speeds in table 3.5 are those along the inclined stairs. It is expected that all the data above will be updated when more appropriate data and results become available.

Walking speed on stairs

Population groups -passengers	Walking speed on stairs (m/s)
Population groups -passengers	Stairs down		Stairs up
Females younger than 30 years	0.56	0.94	0.47	0.79
Females 30-50 years old	0.49	0.81	0.44	0.74
Females older than 50 years	0.45	0.75	0.37	0.61
Females older than 50, mobility impaired (1)	0.34	0.56	0.28	0.46
Females older than 50, mobility impaired (2)	0.29	0.49	0.23	0.39
Males younger than 30 years	0.76	1.26	0.5	0.84
Males 30-50 years old	0.64	1.07	0.47	0.79
Males older than 50 years	0.5	0.84	0.38	0.64
Males older than 50, mobility impaired (1)	0.38	0.64	0.29	0.49
Males older than 50, mobility impaired (2)	0.33	0.55	0.25	0.41
Population groups - Crew	Walking speed on stairs (m/s)
	Stairs down		Stairs up
	Min.	Max.	Min.	Max.
Crew females	0.56	0.94	0.47	0.79
Crew males	0.76	1.26	0.5	0.84

3.2.5 Exit flow rate (doors)

The specific unit flow rate is the number of escaping persons past a point in the escape route per unit time per unit width of the route involved, and is measured in number of persons (p). The specific unit flow rate^footnote for any exit should not exceed 1.33 p/(m s).

3.3 Category ENVIRONMENTAL

Static and dynamic conditions of the ship. These parameters will influence the moving speed of persons. Presently no reliable figures are available to assess this effect, therefore these parameters could not yet be considered. This effect will not be accounted for in the scenarios (cases 1, 2, 3 and 4) until more data has been gathered.

3.4 Category PROCEDURAL

For the purposes of the four benchmark cases, it is not required to model any special crew procedures. However, the distribution of the crew for the benchmark cases should be in accordance with 4.