Double bottoms, cofferdams, duct keels, pipe tunnels, hold
spaces and other spaces where cargo may accumulate shall be capable
of being ventilated to ensure a safe environment when entry into the
spaces is necessary. Where a permanent ventilation system is not provided
for such spaces, approved means of portable mechanical ventilation
shall be provided. Where necessary, owing to the arrangement of spaces,
for instance hold spaces, essential ducting for ventilation shall
be permanently installed. For permanent installations the capacity
of eight air changes per hour shall be provided and for portable systems
the capacity of 16 air changes per hour. Fans or blowers shall be
clear of personnel access openings, and shall comply with 12.1.8.