17 Knowledge of the general principles and basic
                           factors necessary for safe and efficient use of all sub-systems and
                           equipment required in the GMDSS, sufficient to support the practical
                           training provisions given in paragraph 27 below.
                        
                        
                        
                      
                     
                     
                     
                        
                        
                         
                           18 Knowledge of the use, operation and service
                           areas of GMDSS sub-systems, including satellite system characteristics,
                           navigational and meteorological warning systems and selection of appropriate
                           communication circuits.
                        
                        
                        
                      
                     
                     
                     
                        
                        
                         
                           19 Knowledge of the principles of electricity
                           and the theory of radio and electronics sufficient to meet the provisions
                           given in paragraphs 20 to 24 below.
                        
                        
                        
                      
                     
                     
                     
                        
                        
                         
                           20 General theoretical knowledge of GMDSS radiocommunication
                           equipment, including narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy and radiotelephone
                           transmitters and receivers, digital selective calling equipment, ship
                           earth stations, emergency position-indicating radio beacons (EPIRBs),
                           marine antenna systems, radio equipment for survival craft together
                           with all auxiliary items, including power supplies, as well as general
                           knowledge of other equipment generally used for radionavigation, with
                           particular reference to maintaining the equipment in service.
                        
                        
                        
                      
                     
                     
                     
                        
                        
                         
                           21 General knowledge of factors that affect system
                           reliability, availability, maintenance procedures and proper use of
                           test equipment.
                        
                        
                        
                      
                     
                     
                     
                        
                        
                         
                           22 General knowledge of microprocessors and fault
                           diagnosis in systems using microprocessors.
                        
                        
                        
                      
                     
                     
                     
                        
                        
                         
                           23 General knowledge of control systems in the
                           GMDSS radio equipment, including testing and analysis.
                        
                        
                        
                      
                     
                     
                     
                        
                        
                         
                           24 Knowledge of the use of computer software for
                           the GMDSS radio equipment and methods for correcting faults caused
                           by loss of software control of the equipment.